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Lutetium Ruthenium Comparison

Lutetium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium Lutetium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu   
Ru   
Group Number
Not Available   
8   
10
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439943   
99+
7440188   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Karl Ernst Claus   
Discovery
In 1906   
In 1844   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000005 %   
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C   
19
2,250.00 °C   
8
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C   
19
3,900.00 °C   
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa   
10
2,160.00 MPa   
3
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,970.00 m/s   
4
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu   
Ru   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27   
34
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.42   
18
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.54   
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73   
20
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol   
99+
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol   
99+
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr   
23
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV   
33
4.71 eV   
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71   
99+
44   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1   
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71   
99+
44   
99+
Number of Neutrons
104   
30
57   
99+
Number of Electrons
71   
99+
44   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm   
20
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu   
40
101.07 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol   
30
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)   
26
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm   
99+
270.59 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
10
1.58   
11
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3   
38
12.45 g/cm3   
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3   
22
10.65 g/cm3   
16
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
33
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa   
26
173.00 GPa   
4
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa   
23
220.00 GPa   
7
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa   
30
447.00 GPa   
3
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84   
29
12.45   
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m   
9
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K   
24
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K   
99+
117.00 W/m·K   
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol   
22
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol   
13
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol   
20
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K   
30
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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