Symbol
Mn
  
Mn
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
  
I_ 43m
  
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
  
Discovery
In 1774
  
In 1774
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
14
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
14
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.
  
8
100.00 p.p.m.
  
8
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
  
37
1,245.00 °C
  
37
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
  
99+
1,962.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Silver
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
  
99+
196.00 MPa
  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s
  
7
5,150.00 m/s
  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Mn
  
Mn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol
  
30
717.30 kJ/mol
  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol
  
39
1,509.00 kJ/mol
  
39
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol
  
21
3,248.00 kJ/mol
  
21
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol
  
20
4,940.00 kJ/mol
  
20
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol
  
17
6,990.00 kJ/mol
  
17
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol
  
16
9,220.00 kJ/mol
  
16
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol
  
16
11,500.00 kJ/mol
  
16
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol
  
5
18,770.00 kJ/mol
  
5
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol
  
6
21,400.00 kJ/mol
  
6
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol
  
9
23,960.00 kJ/mol
  
9
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol
  
10
27,590.00 kJ/mol
  
10
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol
  
10
30,330.00 kJ/mol
  
10
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol
  
11
33,150.00 kJ/mol
  
11
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol
  
10
38,880.00 kJ/mol
  
10
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol
  
13
41,987.00 kJ/mol
  
13
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol
  
1
109,480.00 kJ/mol
  
1
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
118,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol
  
3
127,100.00 kJ/mol
  
3
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
138,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol
  
6
148,500.00 kJ/mol
  
6
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
158,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol
  
5
172,500.00 kJ/mol
  
5
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol
  
5
181,380.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol
  
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)
  
2
220.00 (-eV)
  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm
3
  
99+
7.21 g/cm
3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
  
99+
5.95 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
0.01 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)
  
11
0.48 J/(kg K)
  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
  
29
26.32 J/mol·K
  
29
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K
  
99+
7.81 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)
  
21
21.70 µm/(m·K)
  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
219.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol
  
23
14.64 kJ/mol
  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol
  
38
280.30 kJ/mol
  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K
  
99+
32.00 J/mol.K
  
99+