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Manganese vs Californium

Manganese
Californium
Californium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
Cf   
Group Number
7   
11
Not Available   
Period Number
4   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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