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Mendelevium vs Americium

Mendelevium
Americium
Americium vs Mendelevium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Md  
Am  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440111  
99+
7440359  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions  
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1955  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
827.00 °C  
99+
994.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,607.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Md  
Am  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
13th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
63,500.00 kJ/mol  
37
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,107.00 kJ/mol  
21
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
22nd Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
34
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
24th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
36
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
38
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
37
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
39
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.21 g/amp-hr  
13
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
Electron Work Function
3.89 eV  
37
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
101  
17
95  
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f13 7s2  
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
101  
17
95  
23
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
148  
13
Number of Electrons
101  
17
95  
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
173.00 pm  
23
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
258.00 amu  
14
243.00 amu  
20
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Fermium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Nobelium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
63.70 (-eV)  
23
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
346.81 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.30 g/cm3  
38
12.00 g/cm3  
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.30 g/cm3  
39
13.67 g/cm3  
26
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
32
Young's Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
58.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.50  
29
13.67  
26
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
0.63 nΩ·m  
99+
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K  
99+
1,449.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.50 kJ/mol  
26
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
410.80 kJ/mol  
25
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.40 J/mol.K  
99+
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
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