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Mendelevium vs Rutherfordium

Mendelevium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Mendelevium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Md  
Rf  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440111  
99+
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1955  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
827.00 °C  
99+
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
-  
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Md  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
63,500.00 kJ/mol  
37
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,107.00 kJ/mol  
21
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
39
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
34
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
36
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
38
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
37
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
39
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.21 g/amp-hr  
13
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
3.89 eV  
37
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
101  
17
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f13 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
101  
17
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
157  
8
Number of Electrons
101  
17
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
258.00 amu  
14
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Fermium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Nobelium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
63.70 (-eV)  
23
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
-  
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.30 g/cm3  
38
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.30 g/cm3  
39
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.50  
29
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
-  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
0.63 nΩ·m  
99+
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K  
99+
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.50 kJ/mol  
26
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
410.80 kJ/mol  
25
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
37.40 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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