Symbol
Nd
  
Zr
  
Period Number
6
  
5
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
  
Discovery
In 1885
  
In 1789
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
  
24
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
NA
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
21
In Bone
Not Available
  
0.10 p.p.m.
  
23
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
  
99+
1,852.00 °C
  
15
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
  
28
4,377.00 °C
  
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Lustrous
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
  
38
3,800.00 m/s
  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Nd
  
Zr
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,313.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,752.00 kJ/mol
  
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,500.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
  
37
0.85 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
  
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
  
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
  
18
14.10 cm3/mol
  
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
80.00 (-eV)
  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
  
99+
6.52 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
  
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
41.10 kJ/mol
  
27
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
0.27 J/(kg K)
  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
  
17
25.36 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
  
99+
22.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
5.70 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
  
34
581.60 kJ/mol
  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
  
99+
20.90 kJ/mol
  
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
  
32
598.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
  
13
39.00 J/mol.K
  
39