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Neptunium vs Berkelium

Neptunium
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np   
Bk   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439998   
99+
7440406   
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
62.00   
11
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1940   
In 1949   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C   
99+
986.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C   
13
2,627.00 °C   
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np   
Bk   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
14   
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.70   
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol   
99+
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
39
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93   
25
97   
21
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93   
25
97   
21
Number of Neutrons
144   
14
150   
11
Number of Electrons
93   
25
97   
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm   
30
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu   
22
247.00 amu   
18
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)   
9
45.50 (-eV)   
36
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm   
3
341.60 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3   
14
14.78 g/cm3   
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25   
6
14.00   
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K   
8
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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