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Neptunium vs Curium

Neptunium
Curium
Curium vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Cm  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440519  
36
Space Group Name
Pnma  
-  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1940  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
1,340.00 °C  
34
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
3,110.00 °C  
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
461.00 MPa  
37
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Cm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
96  
22
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
96  
22
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
151  
11
Number of Electrons
93  
25
96  
22
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
174.00 pm  
22
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
169.00 pm  
28
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Americium
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Berkelium
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
44.50 (-eV)  
39
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
336.25 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.67  
11
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
13.51 g/cm3  
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
13.85 g/cm3  
25
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
350.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
24
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
13.51  
28
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,340.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
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