Nihonium

Polonium

Nihonium vs Polonium

Nihonium

Polonium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1316

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Probably Post-Transition

Post-Transition

1.6 CAS Number

540847077440086

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Pm-3m

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00221.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.

Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.

Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.

2.2 Sources

Synthetically Produced

Mining, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie

2.3.2 Discovery

In 2003

In 1898

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NANA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NANA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NANA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Ununtrium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.

A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NA0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

430.00 °C254.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,130.00 °C962.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Unknown

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NANA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NANA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

α-polonium

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

β-polonium

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

729

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA2.00

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.76

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA2.48

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA2.19

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.00

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

704.90 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

2,238.50 kJ/molNA

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,023.30 kJ/molNA

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,351.50 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

5,692.60 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA3.90 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NANA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

11384

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴

6.3 Crystal Structure

Not Known

Monoclinic (MON)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

11384

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

150125

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

11384

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA168.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA140.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA197.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

286.00 amu209.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA22.23 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NANA

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA335.90 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

16.00 g/cm³9.20 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA9.40 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NANA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NANA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NANA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA9.32

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Nonmagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA0.40 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA183.30 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.12 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA26.40 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA20.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA23.50 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA60.30 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA13.00 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA134.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NANA

9.5 198.1

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