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Niobium
Niobium
☒

Gadolinium
Gadolinium
☒

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Niobium
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Gadolinium

Niobium vs Gadolinium
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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Nb
Gd
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
5
Rank: 13 (Overall)â–¶
0
Rank: 18 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Gadolinium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.3 Period Number
Uranium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)â–¶
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
7440031
Rank: 76 (Overall)â–¶
7440542
Rank: 33 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Aluminium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)â–¶
194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Plutonium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1801
In 1880
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)â–¶
2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Thallium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
~0.0000004 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)â–¶
~0.0000002 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)â–¶
0.00 %
Rank: 34 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Gold
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.00 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)â–¶
0.00 %
Rank: 30 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Radium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.00 %
Rank: 34 (Overall)â–¶
0.00 %
Rank: 38 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Protactinium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Radium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔ ✘
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
✔ ✘
27% Lanthanide Series Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 25 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Plutonium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.07 p.p.m.
Rank: 25 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Plutonium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
2,468.00 °C
Rank: 6 (Overall)â–¶
1,311.00 °C
Rank: 35 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Francium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
2,468.00 °C
Rank: 45 (Overall)â–¶
3,233.00 °C
Rank: 25 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Flerovium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
6.00
Rank: 6 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
735.00 MPa
Rank: 14 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
870.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)â–¶
510.00 MPa
Rank: 22 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Palladium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
3,480.00 m/s
Rank: 21 (Overall)â–¶
2,680.00 m/s
Rank: 34 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Thallium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Mercury
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.7 Allotropes
✔ ✘
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
✔ ✘
No Lanthanide Series Metals has it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Nb
Gd
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
17
Rank: 22 (Overall)â–¶
26
Rank: 13 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Tennessine
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
1.60
Rank: 23 (Overall)â–¶
1.20
Rank: 39 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Francium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
1.42
Rank: 16 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
1.23
Rank: 25 (Overall)â–¶
1.11
Rank: 29 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
1.41
Rank: 31 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
2.40
Rank: 31 (Overall)â–¶
2.80
Rank: 15 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Gold
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
652.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)â–¶
593.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
1,380.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)â–¶
1,170.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Ruthenium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
2,416.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)â–¶
1,990.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 75 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Osmium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
3,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)â–¶
4,250.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Thorium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
4,877.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Dubnium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
9,847.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Seaborgium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
12,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Bohrium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Hassium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Yttrium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Strontium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Yttrium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Manganese
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Iron
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cobalt
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Nickel
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Copper
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Molybdenum
⊕
â–¶
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.69 g/amp-hr
Rank: 66 (Overall)â–¶
1.96 g/amp-hr
Rank: 32 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
4.30 eV
Rank: 18 (Overall)â–¶
3.10 eV
Rank: 35 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
41
Rank: 71 (Overall)â–¶
64
Rank: 52 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
41
Rank: 70 (Overall)â–¶
64
Rank: 51 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
52
Rank: 53 (Overall)â–¶
93
Rank: 37 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
41
Rank: 70 (Overall)â–¶
64
Rank: 51 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
146.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)â–¶
180.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
164.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)â–¶
196.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)â–¶
237.00 pm
Rank: 15 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Zinc
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
92.91 amu
Rank: 65 (Overall)â–¶
47.87 amu
Rank: 78 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
10.87 cm3/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)â–¶
19.90 cm3/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Manganese
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
104.00 (-eV)
Rank: 8 (Overall)â–¶
46.10 (-eV)
Rank: 34 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Francium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
330.04 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)â–¶
363.60 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
1.59
Rank: 9 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
8.57 g/cm3
Rank: 48 (Overall)â–¶
7.90 g/cm3
Rank: 51 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
7.40 g/cm3
Rank: 31 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
330.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Indium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.3 Viscosity
Mercury
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Mercury
⊕
â–¶
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cerium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 27 (Overall)â–¶
7.39 (Pa)
Rank: 9 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
38.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)â–¶
21.80 GPa
Rank: 33 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Potassium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
170.00 GPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)â–¶
37.90 GPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
105.00 GPa
Rank: 20 (Overall)â–¶
54.80 GPa
Rank: 35 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.40
Rank: 4 (Overall)â–¶
0.26
Rank: 23 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
8.57
Rank: 37 (Overall)â–¶
7.90
Rank: 40 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Bismuth
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Bismuth
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
152.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 23 (Overall)â–¶
1.31 nΩ·m
Rank: 56 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Thallium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.07 106/cm Ω
Rank: 28 (Overall)â–¶
0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 62 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Plutonium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
86.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)â–¶
50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Mercury
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
0.26 J/(kg K)
Rank: 20 (Overall)â–¶
0.23 J/(kg K)
Rank: 27 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Americium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
24.60 J/mol·K
Rank: 50 (Overall)â–¶
37.03 J/mol·K
Rank: 2 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
53.70 W/m·K
Rank: 29 (Overall)â–¶
10.60 W/m·K
Rank: 64 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Neptunium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Ytterbium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
7.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 48 (Overall)â–¶
9.40 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 42 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
696.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)â–¶
359.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Zinc
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
27.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)â–¶
10.05 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Cesium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
745.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)â–¶
352.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Mercury
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium
⊕
â–¶
â–¼
36.40 J/mol.K
Rank: 42 (Overall)â–¶
68.10 J/mol.K
Rank: 16 (Overall)â–¶
â–²
Beryllium
⊕
â–¶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

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