Symbol
✔
✘
✔
✘
Group Number
36
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
74
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
100281457440473
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
- No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1966
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
-0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
-0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-0.30 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
-
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.11 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.33 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
827.00 °C1,857.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C2,672.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
Silver
Luster
Unknown Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
-8.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa687.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa1,060.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,100.00 m/s5,940.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.302.97
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
61.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
✔
✘
✔
✘
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1321
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.66
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.301.66
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.56
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.301.66
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.101.65
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.34
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
642.00 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,254.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,643.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,956.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol105,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol114,300.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol125,300.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol134,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol144,300.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
6,420.00 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol105,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol114,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
3,500.00 kJ/mol125,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol134,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol144,300.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
917.00 kJ/mol157,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol166,090.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
6,410.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
601.20 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol652.90 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
641.60 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.83 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV4.50 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
10224
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Not Known
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
10224
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
15728
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
10224
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm128.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm139.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
259.00 amu52.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
26.00 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
-291.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.761.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.90 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.90 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa689.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)774.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa115.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
8.70 GPa160.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
12.30 GPa279.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.21
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.907.19
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
-
Antiferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
-
Resistivity
0.68 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
0.10 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K1,907.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
-348.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
-15.31 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
390.40 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻