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Plutonium vs Cadmium

Plutonium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Cd   
Group Number
0   
18
12   
6
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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