Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu
Np
Group Number
03
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
77
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Actinide
CAS Number
74400757439998
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P121/m1
Pnma
Space Group Number
11.0062.00
11
276
👆🏻
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1940
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
--
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C640.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C3,902.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
-
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.006.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa622.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa640.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
68.00 %64.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu
Np
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2020
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.281.36
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.281.36
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.221.22
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.301.36
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.281.36
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.722.64
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol1,997.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol3,242.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol5,785.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,040.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,040.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol61,800.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol60,600.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol60,420.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol6,040.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol6,040.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol6,040.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol604.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV4.90 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
9493
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
9493
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
150144
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
9493
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm155.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm190.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm221.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu237.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol11.62 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)96.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm666.30 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.741.43
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm319.38 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm320.25 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa125.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)0.11 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa5.60 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa180.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa46.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.210.26
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.8420.25
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m1.22 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol118.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K29.46 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K6.30 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
913.00 K913.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol336.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol3.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol275.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K64.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻