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Plutonium
Plutonium

Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium



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Plutonium
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Plutonium vs Rutherfordium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pu
Rf
1.2 Group Number
04
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
77
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.6 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
744007553850365
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
P121/m1
Not Available
1.9 Space Group Number
11.00NA
Uranium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1964
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NANA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
1.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
NANA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
1.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NANA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
1.8.1 Abundance In Oceans
NANA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.7.1 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
NA
1.1.1 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
1.3 Biological Properties
1.3.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
1.3.2 Present in Human Body
1.3.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Tin
0 1970
1.5.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Tin
0 170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
639.50 °C2,100.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
3.7 Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C5,500.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.5 Appearance
4.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.5.2 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
4.5.3 Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
4.6 Hardness
4.6.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.6.5 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.14 3490
1.2.2 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
2.3 Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
2.5 Optical Properties
2.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
3.2.6 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
3.3 Allotropes
3.3.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.3.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.3.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
Pu
Rf
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
2013
Tennessine
0 38
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.28NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
7.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
7.11.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
7.11.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.72NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.8 Ionization Energies
9.8.1 1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.9.2 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.10.3 3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
10.2.2 4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
10.3.2 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
10.3.5 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
10.3.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
10.4.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
10.4.5 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
10.4.8 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
10.6.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
10.8.2 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
12.1.1 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
12.2.5 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
12.3.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
13.2.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
14.1.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
14.1.4 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
14.3.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
14.3.3 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
14.3.6 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
14.5.3 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
14.5.5 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
14.5.9 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
14.5.10 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
14.5.13 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
14.5.17 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
14.6.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
14.6.4 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
14.7.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
14.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
15.3 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
15.4 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
94104
Lithium
3 117
16.4 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
16.5 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
16.5.1 Crystal Lattice
16.6 Atom
16.6.1 Number of Protons
94104
Lithium
3 117
16.7.4 Number of Neutrons
150157
Lithium
4 184
16.7.9 Number of Electrons
94104
Lithium
3 117
16.8 Radius of an Atom
16.8.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm150.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
16.8.5 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm157.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
16.9.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
16.10 Atomic Weight
244.00 amu267.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
16.12 Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
16.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.14.1 Previous Element
16.14.2 Next Element
16.15 Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
16.17 Lattice Constant
618.30 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
17.2 Lattice Angles
NA
NA
17.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
18.4.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
18.5 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
18.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
18.8 Vapor Pressure
18.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
18.8.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
18.9 Elasticity properties
18.9.1 Shear Modulus
43.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
18.10.1 Bulk Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.6 462
18.11.1 Young's Modulus
96.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
18.14 Poisson Ratio
0.21NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
18.16 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.84NA
Lithium
0.53 4500
19.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Unknown
19.3.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
20.1.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Unknown
20.2.2 Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
20.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
Palladium
0.00666 0.63
20.3.4 Electron Affinity
NANA
Mercury
0 222.8
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
21.2 Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
21.3 Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
21.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
21.6 Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
21.8 Enthalpy
21.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
22.1.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
22.2.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
22.5 Standard Molar Entropy
NANA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1