1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.6 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
744007553850365
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1964
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.8.1 Abundance In Oceans
2.7.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.3 Medical Uses
1.1.1 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
1.3 Biological Properties
1.3.1 Toxicity
1.3.2 Present in Human Body
1.3.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.5.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
639.50 °C2,100.00 °C
27
3410
3.7 Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C5,500.00 °C
147
5660
4.5 Appearance
4.5.1 Physical State
4.5.2 Color
4.5.3 Luster
4.6 Hardness
4.6.1 Mohs Hardness
4.6.5 Brinell Hardness
1.2.2 Vickers Hardness
2.3 Speed of Sound
2.5 Optical Properties
2.5.1 Refractive Index
3.2.6 Reflectivity
3.3 Allotropes
3.3.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.3.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.3.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.11.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.11.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.8 Ionization Energies
9.8.1 1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.9.2 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.10.3 3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.2.2 4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.3.2 5th Energy Level
10.3.5 6th Energy Level
10.3.7 7th Energy level
10.4.2 8th Energy Level
10.4.5 9th Energy Level
10.4.8 10th Energy Level
10.6.2 11th Energy Level
10.8.2 12th Energy Level
12.1.1 13th Energy Level
12.2.5 14th Energy Level
12.3.2 15th Energy Level
13.2.2 16th Energy Level
14.1.1 17th Energy Level
14.1.4 18th Energy Level
14.3.1 19th Energy Level
14.3.3 20th Energy Level
14.3.6 21st Energy Level
14.5.3 22nd Energy Level
14.5.5 23rd Energy Level
14.5.9 24th Energy Level
14.5.10 25th Energy Level
14.5.13 26th Energy Level
14.5.17 27th Energy Level
14.6.2 28th Energy Level
14.6.4 29th Energy Level
14.7.2 30th Energy Level
14.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
15.3 Electron Work Function
15.4 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.4 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
16.5 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
16.5.1 Crystal Lattice
16.6 Atom
16.6.1 Number of Protons
16.7.4 Number of Neutrons
16.7.9 Number of Electrons
16.8 Radius of an Atom
16.8.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm150.00 pm
112
265
16.8.5 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm157.00 pm
96
260
16.9.3 Van der Waals Radius
16.10 Atomic Weight
244.00 amu267.00 amu
6.94
294
16.12 Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
16.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.14.1 Previous Element
16.14.2 Next Element
16.15 Valence Electron Potential
16.17 Lattice Constant
618.30 pmNA
228.58
891.25
17.2 Lattice Angles
17.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.4.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.5 Tensile Strength
18.6 Viscosity
18.8 Vapor Pressure
18.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
18.8.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
18.9 Elasticity properties
18.9.1 Shear Modulus
18.10.1 Bulk Modulus
18.11.1 Young's Modulus
18.14 Poisson Ratio
18.16 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
19.3.3 Permeability
20.1.2 Susceptibility
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
20.2.2 Resistivity
20.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
20.3.4 Electron Affinity
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
21.2 Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
21.3 Thermal Conductivity
21.5 Critical Temperature
21.6 Thermal Expansion
21.8 Enthalpy
21.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
22.1.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
22.2.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
22.5 Standard Molar Entropy