Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1898
In 1950
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100
Covalent Radius
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available