×

Polonium
Polonium




ADD
Compare

Po Element

Add ⊕

1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Po

1.2 Group Number

16
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
0 17

1.3 Period Number

6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
2 7

1.4 Block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Post-​Transition

1.6 CAS Number

7440086
Rank: 71 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Pm-3m

1.8 Space Group Number

221.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1898

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

70% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

254.00 °C
Rank: 71 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

962.00 °C
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

NA

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

20% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

α-polonium

4.7.2 β Allotropes

β-polonium

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Po

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

29
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.76
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.48
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

2.19
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.00
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

812.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.90 g/amp-hr
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

84
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4

6.3 Crystal Structure

Monoclinic (MON)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

84
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

125
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

84
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

168.00 pm
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

140.00 pm
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

197.00 pm
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

209.00 amu
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

22.23 cm3/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

335.90 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

9.20 g/cm3
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

9.40 g/cm3
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

9.32
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Nonmagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

0.40 nΩ·m
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

183.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

26.40 J/mol·K
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

20.00 W/m·K
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

23.50 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

60.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

13.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

134.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1