1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Po
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
7440086
Rank: 71 (Overall) ▶
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Pm-3m
1.8 Space Group Number
221.00
Rank: 3 (Overall) ▶
11
229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.7E-07
22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
9.9E-12
8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 46 (Overall) ▶
2E-23
1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1E-13
1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔
✘
70% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 37 (Overall) ▶
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 36 (Overall) ▶
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
254.00 °C
Rank: 71 (Overall) ▶
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
962.00 °C
Rank: 69 (Overall) ▶
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
58
97
4.7 Allotropes
✔
✘
20% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
4.7.1 α Allotropes
α-polonium
4.7.2 β Allotropes
β-polonium
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Po
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
Rank: 46 (Overall) ▶
1.46
3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121900
121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
127700
127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
133800
133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
139800
139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
148100
148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
154500
154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
Rank: 8 (Overall) ▶
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.14
5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
6.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
Rank: 23 (Overall) ▶
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
Rank: 44 (Overall) ▶
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
Rank: 29 (Overall) ▶
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall) ▶
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.567
1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
Rank: 41 (Overall) ▶
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
Rank: 19 (Overall) ▶
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.032
0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.32
Rank: 31 (Overall) ▶
0.53
4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
Rank: 67 (Overall) ▶
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 44 (Overall) ▶
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall) ▶
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
Rank: 40 (Overall) ▶
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
Rank: 44 (Overall) ▶
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26.3
3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall) ▶
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall) ▶
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 54 (Overall) ▶
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
9.5
198.1