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Polonium Europium Comparison


Europium Polonium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Po   
Eu   

Group Number
16   
2
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
p block   
f block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440531   
34

Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Not Available   

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   

Discovery
In 1898   
In 1896   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-8 %   
27

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00000005 %   
27

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
822.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
1,597.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
167.00 MPa   
34

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Po   
Eu   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
29   
10
31   
8

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.20   
39

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.01   
22

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
Not Available   

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.50 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
84   
32
63   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
84   
32
63   
99+

Number of Neutrons
125   
19
89   
38

Number of Electrons
84   
32
63   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
180.00 pm   
14

Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
198.00 pm   
13

Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
233.00 pm   
18

Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
151.96 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
28.90 cm3/mol   
8

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Samarium
  

Next Element
Francium
  
Gadolinium
  

Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
45.60 (-eV)   
35

Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
458.10 pm   
17

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
5.26 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
5.13 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
19.40 (Pa)   
4

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
7.90 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
8.30 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
18.20 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.15   
34

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
5.24   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33

Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
27.66 J/mol·K   
16

Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
13.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
9.21 kJ/mol   
37

Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
77.80 J/mol.K   
4

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