Polonium Europium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Eu
Group Number
16
2
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7440531
34
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
221.00
3
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Not Available
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Discovery
In 1898
In 1896
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00000005 %
27
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
822.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
1,597.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
167.00 MPa
34
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Eu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.20
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.01
22
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
Not Available
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.50 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
63
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
63
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
89
38
Number of Electrons
84
32
63
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
198.00 pm
13
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
233.00 pm
18
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
151.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
28.90 cm3/mol
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
45.60 (-eV)
35
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
458.10 pm
17
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
5.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
5.13 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
19.40 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
7.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
8.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
18.20 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.15
34
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
5.24
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
27.66 J/mol·K
16
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
13.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
9.21 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
77.80 J/mol.K
4
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