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Promethium vs Flerovium

Promethium
Flerovium
Flerovium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm  
Fl  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440122  
99+
54085164  
5
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
198.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
-  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1942  
In 1999  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C  
99+
67.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C  
32
147.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa  
34
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pm  
Fl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
2.60  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
823.90 kJ/mol  
13
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,601.60 kJ/mol  
35
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,367.30 kJ/mol  
18
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,399.70 kJ/mol  
37
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
24
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
16th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
540.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,144.00 kJ/mol  
17
18th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,127.50 kJ/mol  
16
20th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.00 kJ/mol  
24
21st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
670.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.00 kJ/mol  
18
29th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.10 kJ/mol  
17
30th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr  
40
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
5.30 eV  
5
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
61  
99+
114  
4
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Flerovium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61  
99+
114  
4
Number of Neutrons
84  
99+
184  
2
Number of Electrons
61  
99+
114  
4
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm  
12
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm  
12
171.00 pm  
26
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm  
20
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu  
99+
289.00 amu  
3
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol  
21
14.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Nihonium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Moscovium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)  
40
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
-  
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
31
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
35.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa  
99+
15.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26  
99+
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m  
99+
5.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.60 J/mol·K  
20
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,315.00 K  
99+
340.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.00 kJ/mol  
99+
337.40 kJ/mol  
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol  
99+
14.50 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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