Protactinium

Chromium

Protactinium Chromium Comparison

Protactinium

Chromium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA6

0 17

1.6 Period Number

2 7

1.12 Block

f block

d block

1.13 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.14 CAS Number

74401337440473

7429905 54386242

1.19 Space Group Name

I4/mmm

Im_ 3m

1.20 Space Group Number

139.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.

Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.

Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.

Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.

2.2 Sources

Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

William Crookes

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1900

In Between 1797 - 1798

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1.5 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

4.8.1 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.002 %

1E-08 0.1

5.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.30 %

1.7E-07 22

5.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

5.6.3 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

5.6.5 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

6 Uses

6.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.

6.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

6.1.2 Medical Uses

6.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

6.2 Biological Properties

6.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

6.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

6.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.11 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

7.2.5 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.33 p.p.m.

0 170000

9 Physical

9.1 Melting Point

1,568.00 °C1,857.00 °C

27 3410

10.3 Boiling Point

4,027.00 °C2,672.00 °C

147 5660

12.2 Appearance

12.2.1 Physical State

Solid

12.2.2 Color

Silver

12.2.3 Luster

Metallic

12.3 Hardness

12.3.1 Mohs Hardness

NA8.50

0.2 8.5

13.1.1 Brinell Hardness

NA687.00 MPa

0.14 3490

13.3.1 Vickers Hardness

NA1,060.00 MPa

121 3430

13.9 Speed of Sound

NA5,940.00 m/s

818 16200

13.12 Optical Properties

13.12.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

13.12.4 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

13.13 Allotropes

✔ ✘

13.13.2 α Allotropes

Not Available

13.13.3 β Allotropes

Not Available

13.13.4 γ Allotropes

Not Available

14 Chemical

14.1 Chemical Formula

14.2 Isotopes

14.2.1 Known Isotopes

2721

0 38

14.5 Electronegativity

14.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.501.66

0.7 2.54

14.7.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.66

0.22 2.56

15.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.141.56

0.86 1.82

17.2.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

17.2.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.65

0.659 2.7

17.6 Electropositivity

17.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.502.34

1.46 3.3

17.8 Ionization Energies

17.8.1 1st Energy Level

568.00 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

17.8.5 2nd Energy Level

1,128.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

17.8.7 3rd Energy Level

1,814.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

17.8.12 4th Energy Level

2,991.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

17.9.3 5th Energy Level

NA97,510.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

17.10.2 6th Energy Level

NA105,800.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

17.11.4 7th Energy level

NA114,300.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

17.11.7 8th Energy Level

NA125,300.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

17.12.4 9th Energy Level

NA134,700.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

17.12.9 10th Energy Level

NA144,300.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

17.12.15 11th Energy Level

NA26,130.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

17.12.21 12th Energy Level

NA28,750.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

17.12.25 13th Energy Level

NA34,230.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

17.12.32 14th Energy Level

NA37,066.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

17.12.38 15th Energy Level

NA97,510.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

17.12.43 16th Energy Level

NA105,800.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

17.12.49 17th Energy Level

NA114,300.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

17.12.55 18th Energy Level

NA125,300.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

17.12.61 19th Energy Level

NA134,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

17.13.1 20th Energy Level

NA144,300.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

17.14.1 21st Energy Level

NA157,700.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

18.1.1 22nd Energy Level

NA166,090.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

18.5.1 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

19.1.2 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

19.4.2 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

19.5.3 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

19.5.6 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

19.6.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

19.7.3 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

19.8.2 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

19.12 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.72 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

19.19 Electron Work Function

NA4.50 eV

2.14 5.65

20.4 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

21 Atomic

21.1 Atomic Number

9124

3 117

22.3 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

22.4 Crystal Structure

Tetragonal (TETR)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

22.4.1 Crystal Lattice

22.5 Atom

22.5.1 Number of Protons

9124

3 117

22.8.4 Number of Neutrons

12228

4 184

22.11.3 Number of Electrons

9124

3 117

22.13 Radius of an Atom

22.13.1 Atomic Radius

163.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

22.16.1 Covalent Radius

200.00 pm139.00 pm

96 260

24.1.2 Van der Waals Radius

243.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

24.5 Atomic Weight

231.04 amu52.00 amu

6.94 294

24.7 Atomic Volume

15.00 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

26.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

26.2.1 Previous Element

26.2.2 Next Element

26.3 Valence Electron Potential

92.00 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

26.7 Lattice Constant

392.50 pm291.00 pm

228.58 891.25

26.10 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

26.11 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

27 Mechanical

27.1 Density

27.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

15.37 g/cm³7.19 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

27.5.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA6.30 g/cm3

0.512 20

28.2 Tensile Strength

NA689.00 MPa

2.5 11000

28.5 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

29.3 Vapor Pressure

29.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

29.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA774.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

29.7 Elasticity properties

29.7.1 Shear Modulus

NA115.00 GPa

1.3 222

29.8.3 Bulk Modulus

NA160.00 GPa

1.6 462

29.11.1 Young's Modulus

NA279.00 GPa

1.7 528

30.3 Poisson Ratio

NA0.21

0.032 0.47

30.5 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

31 Magnetic

31.1 Magnetic Characteristics

31.1.1 Specific Gravity

15.377.19

0.53 4500

31.1.5 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Antiferromagnetic

31.1.6 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

32.1.1 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

32.4 Electrical Properties

32.4.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

32.4.2 Resistivity

177.00 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

32.6.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.05 10⁶/cm Ω0.08 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

32.8.2 Electron Affinity

NA64.30 kJ/mol

0 222.8

33 Thermal

33.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

33.3 Molar Heat Capacity

NA23.35 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

33.4 Thermal Conductivity

47.00 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

33.5 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

33.6 Thermal Expansion

9.90 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

33.7 Enthalpy

33.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA348.80 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

33.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

12.34 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

33.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA397.50 kJ/mol

61.5 837

33.8 Standard Molar Entropy

198.10 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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