Protactinium

Promethium

Protactinium Promethium Comparison

Protactinium

Promethium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NANA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74401337440122

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

I4/mmm

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

139.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.

Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.

2.2 Sources

Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

William Crookes

Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1900

In 1942

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NANA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NANA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.

Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,568.00 °C1,042.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

4,027.00 °C3,000.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Unknown

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NANA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NANA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

2727

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.50NA

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.141.07

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NANA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.50NA

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

568.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,128.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

1,814.00 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

2,991.00 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.72 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NANA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

9161

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²

[Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Tetragonal (TETR)

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

9161

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

12284

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

9161

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

163.00 pm183.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

200.00 pm199.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

243.00 pm236.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

231.04 amu145.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

15.00 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

92.00 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

392.50 pmNA

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Unknown

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

15.37 g/cm³7.26 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NANA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA18.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA33.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA46.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.28

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

15.377.26

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

177.00 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.05 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NANA

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

47.00 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

9.90 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NANA

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

12.34 kJ/mol7.50 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA310.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

198.10 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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