Symbol
Pm
Group Number
3
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440122
Rank: 67 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
Space Group Number
194.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 60 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
-
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
-
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
27% - Lanthanide Series Metals
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
Rank: 43 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
-
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
-
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
Rank: 58 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.70
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
63.00 %
Rank: 20 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
No - Lanthanide Series Metals has it !
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13
Rank: 43 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.13
Rank: 53 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20
Rank: 39 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 73 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 70 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 48 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 70 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 68 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 67 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 71 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 74 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
540.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 77 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 68 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 73 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 75 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 70 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 73 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 76 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 70 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.30 eV
Rank: 5 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
61
Rank: 55 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
61
Rank: 54 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
84
Rank: 41 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
61
Rank: 54 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
Rank: 49 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
Rank: 61 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.26 g/cm3
Rank: 59 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
Rank: 46 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.28
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
Rank: 59 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 11 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 25 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
Rank: 76 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω
Rank: 71 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.60 J/mol·K
Rank: 20 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,315.00 K
Rank: 48 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 57 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K
Rank: 30 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻