1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74401337440702
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
2.2 Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.3.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.007 %
1E-08
0.1
1.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.3.1 Abundance In Oceans
2.1.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.3.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,568.00 °C839.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C1,484.00 °C
147
5660
4.7 Appearance
4.7.1 Physical State
4.7.2 Color
4.7.3 Luster
4.8 Hardness
4.8.1 Mohs Hardness
4.10.2 Brinell Hardness
5.4.2 Vickers Hardness
1.2 Speed of Sound
2.3 Optical Properties
2.3.1 Refractive Index
2.6.2 Reflectivity
3.4 Allotropes
3.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
4.6 Electronegativity
4.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.1.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.2.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.2 Electropositivity
7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.2.3 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.5.2 3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.6.4 4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.6.7 5th Energy Level
NA8,153.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.6.10 6th Energy Level
NA10,496.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.6.13 7th Energy level
NA12,270.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.8.2 8th Energy Level
NA14,206.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.11.3 9th Energy Level
NA18,191.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
10.2.2 10th Energy Level
NA20,385.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
10.2.6 11th Energy Level
NA57,110.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
10.3.2 12th Energy Level
NA63,410.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
10.3.5 13th Energy Level
NA70,110.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
10.3.9 14th Energy Level
NA78,890.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.4.4 15th Energy Level
NA86,310.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.4.7 16th Energy Level
NA94,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.4.9 17th Energy Level
NA104,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.4.12 18th Energy Level
NA111,711.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
10.4.15 19th Energy Level
10.4.18 20th Energy Level
10.4.20 21st Energy Level
11.1.1 22nd Energy Level
11.2.2 23rd Energy Level
11.2.4 24th Energy Level
11.3.3 25th Energy Level
11.4.1 26th Energy Level
11.4.2 27th Energy Level
11.5.1 28th Energy Level
11.5.3 29th Energy Level
11.6.2 30th Energy Level
11.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.9 Electron Work Function
11.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 4s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.4.5 Number of Neutrons
12.4.10 Number of Electrons
12.6 Radius of an Atom
12.6.1 Atomic Radius
163.00 pm197.00 pm
112
265
12.7.2 Covalent Radius
200.00 pm176.00 pm
96
260
12.7.4 Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm231.00 pm
139
348
13.2 Atomic Weight
231.04 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
13.6 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.7.1 Previous Element
13.7.3 Next Element
13.8 Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.9 Lattice Constant
392.50 pm558.84 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.4 Tensile Strength
14.6 Viscosity
14.8 Vapor Pressure
14.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA25.50 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.1.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
15.7.1 Bulk Modulus
15.8.1 Young's Modulus
15.11 Poisson Ratio
16.3 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
17.1.5 Permeability
17.2.1 Susceptibility
17.4 Electrical Properties
17.4.1 Electrical Property
17.4.2 Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.7.2 Electron Affinity
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.93 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
18.5 Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
18.6 Critical Temperature
19.2 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
19.5 Enthalpy
19.5.2 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.2.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.2.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
20.3 Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1