1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
1.11 CAS Number
74401337440713
7429905
54386242
1.17 Space Group Name
1.18 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
4.2 Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.8 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.12 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.6 Abundance In Oceans
6.1.2 Abundance In Humans
8 Uses
8.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
8.1.1 Industrial Uses
8.1.2 Medical Uses
8.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Nuclear Research
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.4.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
10 Physical
10.1 Melting Point
1,568.00 °C900.00 °C
27
3410
10.4 Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
10.8 Appearance
10.8.1 Physical State
10.8.2 Color
10.8.3 Luster
10.9 Hardness
10.9.1 Mohs Hardness
11.3.3 Brinell Hardness
11.3.8 Vickers Hardness
11.5 Speed of Sound
11.8 Optical Properties
11.8.1 Refractive Index
11.9.4 Reflectivity
12.3 Allotropes
12.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13 Chemical
13.1 Chemical Formula
13.2 Isotopes
13.2.1 Known Isotopes
13.4 Electronegativity
13.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
13.4.7 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
13.6.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.6.10 Allen Electronegativity
13.7 Electropositivity
13.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.8 Ionization Energies
13.8.1 1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.8.4 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.8.8 3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.8.13 4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.8.20 5th Energy Level
13.8.25 6th Energy Level
13.9.1 7th Energy level
13.9.4 8th Energy Level
13.10.2 9th Energy Level
14.1.2 10th Energy Level
14.4.2 11th Energy Level
14.4.5 12th Energy Level
14.4.9 13th Energy Level
14.5.1 14th Energy Level
14.7.1 15th Energy Level
15.1.1 16th Energy Level
15.1.2 17th Energy Level
15.4.3 18th Energy Level
15.5.2 19th Energy Level
15.5.3 20th Energy Level
15.6.1 21st Energy Level
15.6.2 22nd Energy Level
15.7.2 23rd Energy Level
15.7.4 24th Energy Level
15.9.1 25th Energy Level
15.9.3 26th Energy Level
15.11.1 27th Energy Level
15.11.2 28th Energy Level
15.12.1 29th Energy Level
15.14.1 30th Energy Level
16.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
16.6 Electron Work Function
16.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
18.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
18.4 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
18.4.1 Crystal Lattice
18.5 Atom
18.5.1 Number of Protons
18.6.4 Number of Neutrons
18.9.2 Number of Electrons
18.11 Radius of an Atom
18.11.1 Atomic Radius
163.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
18.11.2 Covalent Radius
18.12.3 Van der Waals Radius
18.13 Atomic Weight
231.04 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
18.15 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
19.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
19.3.1 Previous Element
19.3.2 Next Element
19.4 Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
20.2 Lattice Constant
392.50 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
20.4 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
20.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
21 Mechanical
21.1 Density
21.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
21.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
21.3 Tensile Strength
21.4 Viscosity
21.5 Vapor Pressure
21.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
23.1.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
23.4 Elasticity properties
23.4.1 Shear Modulus
23.6.1 Bulk Modulus
23.8.1 Young's Modulus
23.12 Poisson Ratio
23.14 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Malleable, Sectile
24 Magnetic
24.1 Magnetic Characteristics
24.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
24.1.5 Permeability
24.1.8 Susceptibility
24.2 Electrical Properties
24.2.1 Electrical Property
24.2.2 Resistivity
24.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
24.4.2 Electron Affinity
25 Thermal
25.1 Specific Heat
25.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.3 Thermal Conductivity
25.4 Critical Temperature
25.5 Thermal Expansion
25.6 Enthalpy
25.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
25.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
25.7 Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1