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Protactinium vs Flerovium

Protactinium
Flerovium
Flerovium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
Fl  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
54085164  
5
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
-  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
198.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
-  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1900  
In 1999  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
67.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
147.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
Fl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
2.60  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
823.90 kJ/mol  
13
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,601.60 kJ/mol  
35
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,367.30 kJ/mol  
18
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,399.70 kJ/mol  
37
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
24
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,144.00 kJ/mol  
17
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,127.50 kJ/mol  
16
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.00 kJ/mol  
24
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
670.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.00 kJ/mol  
18
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.10 kJ/mol  
17
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
114  
4
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Flerovium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
114  
4
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
184  
2
Number of Electrons
91  
27
114  
4
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
171.00 pm  
26
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
289.00 amu  
3
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
14.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Nihonium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Moscovium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
35.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
15.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
5.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
340.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
337.40 kJ/mol  
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
14.50 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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