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Protactinium
Protactinium

Ytterbium
Ytterbium



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Protactinium
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Protactinium vs Ytterbium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pa
Yb
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74401337440644
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
1.4 Space Group Number
139.00225.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
2.2 Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1900
In 1878
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.9.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Tin
2E-23 1.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,568.00 °C824.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
5.2 Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C1,196.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.2.3 Color
Silver
Silvery White
6.2.5 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
6.4.5 Brinell Hardness
NA343.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.1.1 Vickers Hardness
NA206.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
NA1,590.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Pa
Yb
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
2730
Tennessine
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.50NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
8.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.141.06
Cesium
0.86 1.82
8.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.50NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
9.5.6 4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
9.5.8 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
9.5.9 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
9.5.11 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
9.6.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
9.7.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
9.7.3 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
9.7.6 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
9.7.7 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
9.7.9 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
9.7.12 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
9.7.14 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
9.7.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
9.7.18 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
9.7.19 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
9.7.21 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
9.7.23 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
9.7.24 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
9.7.26 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.7.28 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.7.29 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.7.31 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.7.32 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.7.34 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.7.36 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.7.37 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.7.39 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr2.15 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
9170
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
9170
Lithium
3 117
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
122103
Lithium
4 184
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
9170
Lithium
3 117
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
163.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
200.00 pm187.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm242.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.7 Atomic Weight
231.04 amu173.05 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.9 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol24.79 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
11.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.2.1 Previous Element
11.2.2 Next Element
11.3 Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)50.30 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
11.4 Lattice Constant
392.50 pm548.47 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
11.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm36.90 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA6.21 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
12.3 Tensile Strength
NA58.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
12.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
NA9.90 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
12.7.2 Bulk Modulus
NA30.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
12.8.1 Young's Modulus
NA23.90 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
12.11 Poisson Ratio
NA0.21
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.376.97
Lithium
0.53 4500
13.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.3.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
14.1.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
14.2.2 Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m0.25 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
14.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.04 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
14.3.1 Electron Affinity
NA50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.74 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K38.50 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
15.5 Critical Temperature
NA26.30 K
Mercury
26.3 3223
15.6 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)26.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
15.7 Enthalpy
15.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA128.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
15.8.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
16.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA180.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
16.2 Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K59.90 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1