Symbol
Re
Rf
Group Number
74
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
67
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
744015553850365
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
-
Space Group Number
194.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
In 1908
In 1964
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %-
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %-
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C2,100.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C5,500.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
-
Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00-
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa1,300.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa550.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s6,100.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
70.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Re
Rf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3313
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.900.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.901.90
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.30
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.901.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.600.90
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.102.20
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,790.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol11,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol579.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol579.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol580.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr3.00 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV6.00 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
75104
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
75104
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
111157
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
75104
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm150.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm157.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm250.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu267.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol23.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)6.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.621.60
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa23.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa23.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa0.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa12.80 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.0223.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
-
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
-
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m0.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K23.20 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K0.23 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K2,400.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)23.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol-
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K57.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻