Roentgenium

Niobium

Roentgenium Niobium Comparison

Roentgenium

Niobium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

115

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Unknown

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

543862427440031

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).

2.2 Sources

Synthetically Produced

By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

Charles Hatchett

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1994

In 1801

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.

It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Low Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

NA2,468.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA2,468.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA6.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA735.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA870.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA3,480.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

117

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.60

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.42

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.23

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.41

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.40

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

1,022.70 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

2,074.40 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,077.90 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,052.40 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

5,306.70 kJ/mol4,877.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA9,847.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA12,100.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA0.69 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.30 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

11141

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s²

[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

11141

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

16152

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

11141

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA146.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA164.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA200.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

281.00 amu92.91 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA10.87 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA104.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA330.04 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

28.70 g/cm³8.57 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NANA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA330.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA38.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA170.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA105.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.40

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA8.57

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA152.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.07 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA86.10 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.26 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA24.60 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA53.70 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA7.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA696.60 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA27.20 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA745.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA36.40 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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