Roentgenium

Cerium

Roentgenium vs Cerium

Roentgenium

Cerium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

11NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Unknown

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

543862427440451

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.

It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.

Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.

2.2 Sources

Synthetically Produced

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1994

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.

Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Medical Research

3.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Moderately Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

NA795.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA3,257.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Lustrous

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA2.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA186.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA210.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA2,100.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

130

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.12

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.08

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NANA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.88

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

1,022.70 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

2,074.40 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,077.90 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

1.2.1 4th Energy Level

4,052.40 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

1.2.2 5th Energy Level

5,306.70 kJ/mol6,325.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

1.3.1 6th Energy Level

NA7,490.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

1.6.1 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

1.6.2 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

1.8.1 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

1.8.2 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

1.8.3 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

1.8.4 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

1.8.5 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

1.1.2 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

1.1.4 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

1.1.5 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

1.2.1 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

1.2.2 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

1.4.2 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

1.4.3 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

1.4.5 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

1.5.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

1.5.4 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

1.5.5 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

1.5.7 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

1.5.8 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

1.6.1 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

1.6.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

1.6.3 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.7.1 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA1.74 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

1.9 Electron Work Function

NA2.84 eV

2.14 5.65

1.10 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

2 Atomic

2.1 Atomic Number

11158

3 117

2.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s²

[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

2.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

2.3.1 Crystal Lattice

2.4 Atom

2.4.1 Number of Protons

11158

3 117

2.4.2 Number of Neutrons

16182

4 184

2.4.3 Number of Electrons

11158

3 117

2.5 Radius of an Atom

2.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA181.80 pm

112 265

2.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA204.00 pm

96 260

2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA235.00 pm

139 348

2.6 Atomic Weight

281.00 amu140.12 amu

6.94 294

2.7 Atomic Volume

NA20.67 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

2.8.1 Previous Element

2.8.2 Next Element

2.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA41.78 (-eV)

8 392.42

2.10 Lattice Constant

NA362.00 pm

228.58 891.25

2.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

3 Mechanical

3.1 Density

3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

28.70 g/cm³6.77 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA6.55 g/cm3

0.512 20

3.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

3.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 Vapor Pressure

3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA1.04 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

3.5 Elasticity properties

3.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA13.50 GPa

1.3 222

3.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA21.50 GPa

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA33.60 GPa

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.24

0.032 0.47

3.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

4 Magnetic

4.1 Magnetic Characteristics

4.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA6.77

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Paramagnetic

4.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Electrical Properties

4.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

4.2.2 Resistivity

NA828.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

5 Thermal

5.1 Specific Heat

NA0.19 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA26.94 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

5.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA11.30 W/m·K

6.3 429

5.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

5.5 Thermal Expansion

NA6.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

5.6 Enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA414.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA5.46 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

1.2.2 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA381.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

1.4 Standard Molar Entropy

NA72.00 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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