1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Probably Post-Transition
2.6 CAS Number
744018854084707
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Not Available
3.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Synthetically Produced
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
4.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.3.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.1 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Currently known uses of Ununtrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
5.3.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
2,250.00 °C430.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C1,130.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.1 Brinell Hardness
6.5.2 Vickers Hardness
6.6 Speed of Sound
6.7 Optical Properties
6.7.1 Refractive Index
6.7.2 Reflectivity
6.8 Allotropes
6.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol704.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.2 2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol2,238.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol3,023.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA4,351.50 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,692.60 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.6 6th Energy Level
7.5.7 7th Energy level
7.5.8 8th Energy Level
7.5.9 9th Energy Level
7.5.10 10th Energy Level
7.5.11 11th Energy Level
7.5.12 12th Energy Level
7.5.13 13th Energy Level
7.5.14 14th Energy Level
7.5.15 15th Energy Level
7.5.16 16th Energy Level
7.5.17 17th Energy Level
7.5.18 18th Energy Level
7.5.19 19th Energy Level
7.5.20 20th Energy Level
7.5.21 21st Energy Level
7.5.22 22nd Energy Level
7.5.23 23rd Energy Level
7.5.24 24th Energy Level
7.5.25 25th Energy Level
7.5.26 26th Energy Level
7.5.27 27th Energy Level
7.5.28 28th Energy Level
7.5.29 29th Energy Level
7.5.30 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1
8.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Not Known
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8.4.3 Number of Electrons
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
8.5.2 Covalent Radius
8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
8.6 Atomic Weight
101.07 amu286.00 amu
6.94
294
8.7 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
8.10 Lattice Constant
270.59 pmNA
228.58
891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm316.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.2 Tensile Strength
9.3 Viscosity
9.4 Vapor Pressure
9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
9.5 Elasticity properties
9.5.1 Shear Modulus
9.5.2 Bulk Modulus
9.5.3 Young's Modulus
9.6 Poisson Ratio
9.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
10.1.3 Permeability
10.1.4 Susceptibility
10.2 Electrical Properties
10.2.1 Electrical Property
10.2.2 Resistivity
10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
10.2.4 Electron Affinity
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
11.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.4 Critical Temperature
11.5 Thermal Expansion
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
11.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1