1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.3 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
2.4 CAS Number
74401887440315
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.1.6 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.1 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
Dentistry
7.1.3 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
NA0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.5.3 In Bone
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
2,250.00 °C231.90 °C
27
3410
9.2 Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C2,270.00 °C
147
5660
9.7 Appearance
9.7.1 Physical State
9.7.3 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
9.7.4 Luster
9.8 Hardness
9.8.1 Mohs Hardness
9.9.2 Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.2.2 Vickers Hardness
10.5 Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s2,730.00 m/s
818
16200
10.7 Optical Properties
10.7.1 Refractive Index
10.8.4 Reflectivity
10.10 Allotropes
10.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
10.11.1 β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
10.11.2 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.6.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.9.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.3.1 Allen Electronegativity
13.2 Electropositivity
13.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.4 Ionization Energies
13.4.1 1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.6.1 2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol1,411.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.7.1 3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol2,943.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.10.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,930.30 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.10.2 5th Energy Level
NA7,456.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.11.2 6th Energy Level
13.13.2 7th Energy level
13.13.5 8th Energy Level
1.1.1 9th Energy Level
1.3.3 10th Energy Level
1.7.1 11th Energy Level
2.4.1 12th Energy Level
2.9.1 13th Energy Level
2.13.2 14th Energy Level
1.4.2 15th Energy Level
1.4.6 16th Energy Level
1.4.10 17th Energy Level
1.4.14 18th Energy Level
2.2.2 19th Energy Level
2.4.1 20th Energy Level
2.4.4 21st Energy Level
2.6.3 22nd Energy Level
2.7.2 23rd Energy Level
3.1.2 24th Energy Level
5.2.4 25th Energy Level
5.2.5 26th Energy Level
5.4.3 27th Energy Level
7.1.2 28th Energy Level
8.2.2 29th Energy Level
8.2.4 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.15 Electron Work Function
8.20 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.6 Number of Neutrons
10.7.1 Number of Electrons
10.12 Radius of an Atom
10.12.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm140.00 pm
112
265
10.14.2 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
13.2.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm217.00 pm
139
348
13.3 Atomic Weight
101.07 amu118.71 amu
6.94
294
13.7 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol16.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.8.1 Previous Element
13.8.2 Next Element
13.9 Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)83.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.10 Lattice Constant
270.59 pm583.18 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm37.37 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm36.99 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.5 Tensile Strength
14.8 Viscosity
14.10 Vapor Pressure
14.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.10.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.11 Elasticity properties
14.11.1 Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
1.2.1 Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa58.00 GPa
1.6
462
1.2.4 Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
1.4 Poisson Ratio
1.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.1.5 Magnetic Ordering
2.1.6 Permeability
2.5.1 Susceptibility
2.6 Electrical Properties
2.6.1 Electrical Property
2.7.1 Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m115.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.4.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.09 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
3.6.5 Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol107.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
5.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
5.3 Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K66.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
5.4 Critical Temperature
5.5 Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)22.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
6.3 Enthalpy
6.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol290.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
6.3.7 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol7.03 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
8.2.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol301.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
8.4 Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K51.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1