1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74406447439910
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Carl Gustaf Mosander
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.9 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
3.2.5 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C920.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C3,469.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa350.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.4 Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa360.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s2,475.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.3 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.7 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,067.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.4 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol1,850.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.6 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol4,819.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.7 5th Energy Level
NA5,940.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.9 6th Energy Level
5.5.10 7th Energy level
5.5.11 8th Energy Level
5.5.13 9th Energy Level
5.5.16 10th Energy Level
5.5.18 11th Energy Level
5.5.20 12th Energy Level
5.5.23 13th Energy Level
5.5.25 14th Energy Level
5.5.27 15th Energy Level
5.5.29 16th Energy Level
5.5.31 17th Energy Level
5.6.1 18th Energy Level
5.6.2 19th Energy Level
5.7.1 20th Energy Level
6.1.1 21st Energy Level
6.1.2 22nd Energy Level
6.4.2 23rd Energy Level
6.4.3 24th Energy Level
6.4.5 25th Energy Level
6.4.6 26th Energy Level
6.4.8 27th Energy Level
6.4.9 28th Energy Level
6.5.2 29th Energy Level
6.5.4 30th Energy Level
6.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr1.73 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
6.8 Electron Work Function
6.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
7 Atomic
7.1 Atomic Number
7.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
7.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
7.3.1 Crystal Lattice
7.4 Atom
7.4.1 Number of Protons
7.6.1 Number of Neutrons
7.7.1 Number of Electrons
8.2 Radius of an Atom
8.2.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm187.00 pm
112
265
8.2.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm207.00 pm
96
260
8.2.4 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm240.00 pm
139
348
8.4 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu138.91 amu
6.94
294
8.7 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol20.73 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)40.71 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.11 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm377.20 pm
228.58
891.25
8.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
8.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm36.16 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
9.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm35.94 g/cm3
0.512
20
9.3 Tensile Strength
10.2 Viscosity
10.3 Vapor Pressure
10.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.3.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.4 Elasticity properties
10.4.1 Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa14.30 GPa
1.3
222
10.5.3 Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa27.90 GPa
1.6
462
10.5.5 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa36.60 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.2 Permeability
12.2.1 Susceptibility
12.4 Electrical Properties
12.4.1 Electrical Property
12.4.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m615.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.4.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.5.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol48.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.4 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K13.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.5 Critical Temperature
13.6 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)12.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.8 Enthalpy
13.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol399.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol6.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol431.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.9 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K56.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1