1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.4 Block
2.2 Element Family
2.4 CAS Number
74406447439943
7429905
54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
2.7 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
3.3.3 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.9.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.8.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.9.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.4 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.4 In Blood
6.2.2 In Bone
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C1,652.00 °C
27
3410
8.3 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C3,402.00 °C
147
5660
9.2 Appearance
9.2.1 Physical State
9.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
9.2.3 Luster
9.3 Hardness
9.3.1 Mohs Hardness
9.4.4 Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa893.00 MPa
0.14
3490
9.6.2 Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa1,160.00 MPa
121
3430
9.7 Speed of Sound
9.9 Optical Properties
9.9.1 Refractive Index
9.10.2 Reflectivity
9.12 Allotropes
9.12.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.12.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.12.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.4 Electronegativity
10.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.4.8 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.2.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
11.4 Electropositivity
11.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.5 Ionization Energies
11.5.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.5.8 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.5.13 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.7.2 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.7.9 5th Energy Level
NA6,445.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
11.8.4 6th Energy Level
11.9.1 7th Energy level
12.1.2 8th Energy Level
12.2.4 9th Energy Level
12.7.1 10th Energy Level
12.7.5 11th Energy Level
13.2.4 12th Energy Level
13.7.2 13th Energy Level
13.7.6 14th Energy Level
13.7.10 15th Energy Level
13.8.2 16th Energy Level
13.10.1 17th Energy Level
13.10.4 18th Energy Level
13.12.2 19th Energy Level
13.14.1 20th Energy Level
13.16.1 21st Energy Level
14.1.3 22nd Energy Level
14.1.4 23rd Energy Level
14.3.2 24th Energy Level
14.4.1 25th Energy Level
14.5.2 26th Energy Level
14.8.2 27th Energy Level
15.1.2 28th Energy Level
15.1.6 29th Energy Level
15.1.10 30th Energy Level
15.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
15.6 Electron Work Function
15.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
16.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
16.4.1 Crystal Lattice
16.5 Atom
16.5.1 Number of Protons
17.3.1 Number of Neutrons
17.5.1 Number of Electrons
19.2 Radius of an Atom
19.2.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
19.2.3 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
19.9.3 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
20.2 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu174.97 amu
6.94
294
21.2 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol17.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
21.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
21.4.1 Previous Element
21.4.2 Next Element
21.5 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
21.9 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm350.31 pm
228.58
891.25
21.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
21.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
22 Mechanical
22.1 Density
22.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
22.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
2.2 Tensile Strength
1.4 Viscosity
1.6 Vapor Pressure
1.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.1.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.5 Elasticity properties
1.5.1 Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa27.20 GPa
1.3
222
2.3.1 Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa47.60 GPa
1.6
462
3.1.2 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa68.60 GPa
1.7
528
1.3 Poisson Ratio
2.5 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.4.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
3.4.4 Permeability
3.9.2 Susceptibility
3.12 Electrical Properties
3.12.1 Electrical Property
3.12.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m582.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.14.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
4.2.5 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
6 Thermal
6.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
7.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K26.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
8.4 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.3 Critical Temperature
10.6 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
10.9 Enthalpy
10.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol355.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.3.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol18.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.4.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol398.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.5 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K51.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1