Beryllium

thorium

mbandhingaké Beryllium lan thorium

Beryllium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

s pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

alkalin bumi

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74404177440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Beryllium paling logam anti karat.

Beryllium punika logam ènthèng lan isih iku kuwat saka baja.

Uga ketemu macem-macem aplikasi ing reaktor nuklir minangka reflektor.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1797

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-7 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.00000001 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Sawijining wesi karo tembaga utawa nikel sing digunakake ing Gyroscopes Manufaktur, sumber, kontak listrik lan pribadi non sparking.
Wesi Beryllium digunakake minangka materi kanggo pesawat, pluru, wahana lan satelit.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry automobile, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.00 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,278.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,970.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

putih Gray

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

5.503.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

590.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

1,670.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

12,890.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

928

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.571.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.81ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.471.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

1.54ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.58ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.432.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

899.50 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,757.10 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

14,848.70 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

21,006.60 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

1.2.2 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

1.3.2 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

1.3.4 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

1.3.6 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

1.3.8 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

1.3.10 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

1.3.11 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

1.4.2 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

1.5.2 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

1.5.4 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

1.5.6 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

1.5.7 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

1.5.9 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

1.5.11 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

1.5.12 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

1.5.14 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

1.5.16 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

1.5.18 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

1.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.17 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

1.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.98 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

1.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

2 atom

2.1 Panggil atom

490

3 117

2.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Panjenenganipun] 2S ²

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

2.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

2.3.1 Crystal pola

2.4 atom

2.4.1 Jumlah proton

490

3 117

2.4.4 Jumlah Neutron

5142

4 184

2.4.6 Jumlah Èlèktron

490

3 117

2.5 Radius saka Atom

2.5.1 Radius atom

112.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

2.5.3 kovalen Radius

96.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

2.5.5 Van der Waals Radius

153.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

2.6 Bobot atom

9.01 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

2.7 Volume atom

5.00 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

2.8 Nomer atom jejer

2.8.1 unsur Previous

2.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

2.9 Potensi Valence Electron

82.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

2.10 Constant pola

228.58 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

2.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.12 Pola C / A rasio

1.57ora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

3 Teknik

3.1 Kapadhetan

3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

1.85 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

3.1.4 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

1.69 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

3.3 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

3.4 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

3.6 meksa beluk

3.6.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

3.7.1 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

3.8 situs kelenturan

3.8.1 nyukur pengaturan

132.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

3.8.2 pengaturan akeh

130.00 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

3.8.3 Young kang pengaturan

287.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

3.9 Poisson rasio

0.030.27

0.032 0.47

3.10 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

4 Magnetic

4.1 Ciri Magnetic

4.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

1.8511.70

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

4.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Properties Listrik

4.2.1 Property Listrik

Semiconductor

superconductor

4.2.2 resistivity

36.00 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

4.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.31 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 elektron Affinity

0.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

5 termal

5.1 Kalor tartamtu

1.82 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

16.44 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

5.3 doyo termal

200.00 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

5.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

5.5 Expansion termal

11.30 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

5.6 enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

294.70 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

11.72 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

326.40 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

5.7 Standard molar Entropy

9.50 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

Mbandhingaké

Beryllium mungsuh Manganese

Beryllium mungsuh tungsten

Beryllium mungsuh kobalt

tungsten