cerium

thorium

mbandhingaké cerium lan thorium

cerium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiya0

0 17

1.6 Panggil periode

2 7

1.9 Block

pemblokiran f

1.10 Family unsur

lanthanide

actinide

1.11 CAS Number

74404517440326

7429905 54386242

3.6 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

3.7 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

5 facts

5.1 Facts Interesting

Character length exceed error

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

5.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

5.3 History

5.3.1 sing katutup

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

5.3.2 Discovery

ing 1803

ing 1829

5.4 turah mbrawah

5.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-6 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

5.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

5.7.2 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

6.2.5 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.01 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

7.2.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

7.3.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

9 ulah

9.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Kang digunakake kanggo kalebu flints kanggo korek rokok.

Sawijining senyawa Cerium (Gerah) oksida digunakake minangka katalis; sijine nang tembok saka open minangka ngalangi saka buildup saka ampas masak.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

9.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industri Kimia

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

9.1.2 Ulah Medical

Medical Research

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

9.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

10.1 Properties biologi

10.2.1 keracunan

arep Toxic

non Toxic

10.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

10.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

11.2.2 ing Bone

2.70 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

12 fisik

12.1 leleh Point

795.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

12.6 Boiling Point

3,257.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

12.7 katon

12.7.1 State fisik

Solid

12.7.2 warna

perak Putih

Silver

12.7.3 luster

lustrous

12.8 atose

12.8.1 Mohs atose

2.503.00

0.2 8.5

12.9.1 Brinell atose

186.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

12.12.2 Vickers atose

210.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

12.14 Kacepetan swara

2,100.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

13.3 Properties Optical

13.3.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

13.5.3 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

13.6 allotropes

Ora

13.6.3 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

13.6.4 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

13.6.5 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

14 Kimia

14.1 Formula Kimia

14.2 isotop

14.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3028

0 38

15.3 keelektronegatifan

15.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.121.30

0.7 2.54

15.3.4 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

15.4.4 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.081.11

0.86 1.82

15.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

15.6.3 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

15.7 Electropositivity

15.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.882.70

1.46 3.3

15.8 tenogo ionisasi

15.8.1 Level Energy 1st

534.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

15.8.6 Level Energy 2

1,050.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

15.9.3 Level Energy 3rd

1,949.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

15.10.5 Level Energy 4

3,547.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

15.10.9 Level Energy 5th

6,325.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

15.10.13 Level Energy 6th

7,490.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

15.10.17 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

15.10.23 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

15.10.27 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

15.10.31 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

15.10.37 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

15.11.3 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

15.12.2 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

16.1.3 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

16.4.5 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

16.4.7 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

16.4.10 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

16.5.4 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

16.5.6 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

16.6.2 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

16.6.3 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

16.7.3 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

16.9.1 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

16.9.3 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

16.10.1 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

16.12.1 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

17.1.2 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

17.1.5 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

17.1.7 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

17.2.2 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

17.4 padha karo elektrokimia

1.74 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

17.6 Fungsi Work elektron

2.84 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

17.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

18 atom

18.1 Panggil atom

5890

3 117

18.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹ 5d ¹ 6s ²

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

18.3 Struktur Crystal

Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

18.3.2 Crystal pola

18.4 atom

18.4.1 Jumlah proton

5890

3 117

18.5.2 Jumlah Neutron

82142

4 184

19.2.1 Jumlah Èlèktron

5890

3 117

19.3 Radius saka Atom

19.3.1 Radius atom

181.80 pm179.80 pm

112 265

19.4.4 kovalen Radius

204.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

19.5.2 Van der Waals Radius

235.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

19.7 Bobot atom

140.12 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

21.2 Volume atom

20.67 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

21.6 Nomer atom jejer

21.6.1 unsur Previous

21.6.2 Sabanjure unsur

21.7 Potensi Valence Electron

41.78 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

22.2 Constant pola

362.00 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

22.4 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

22.5 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

23 Teknik

23.1 Kapadhetan

23.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

6.77 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

23.4.3 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

6.55 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

23.6 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

23.7 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

23.8 meksa beluk

23.8.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

23.9.3 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

1.04 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

23.10 situs kelenturan

23.10.1 nyukur pengaturan

13.50 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

23.11.2 pengaturan akeh

21.50 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

23.11.5 Young kang pengaturan

33.60 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

23.13 Poisson rasio

0.240.27

0.032 0.47

23.15 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

24 Magnetic

24.1 Ciri Magnetic

24.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

6.7711.70

0.53 4500

24.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

24.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

24.2.1 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

24.4 Properties Listrik

24.4.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

24.4.2 resistivity

828.00 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

24.8.1 konduktivitas listrik

0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

24.8.2 elektron Affinity

50.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

25 termal

25.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.19 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

25.6 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.94 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

27.2 doyo termal

11.30 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

27.3 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

27.4 Expansion termal

6.30 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

27.5 enthalpy

27.5.1 Enthalpy panguapan

414.00 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

27.7.1 Enthalpy saka Fusion

5.46 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

27.10.2 Enthalpy saka atomization

381.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

27.12 Standard molar Entropy

72.00 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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