Hafnium

polonium

mbandhingaké Hafnium lan polonium

Hafnium

polonium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

416

0 17

1.6 Panggil periode

2 7

1.7 Block

d block

p pemblokiran

1.8 Family unsur

transisi Metal

Transisi Post-

1.9 CAS Number

74405867440086

7429905 54386242

2.2 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

Pm-3M

2.3 Space Group Number

194.00221.00

11 229

4 facts

4.1 Facts Interesting

Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.

Polonium unsur radioaktif sing pisanan ditemokaké.

unsur polonium lan senyawa Highly radioaktif.

Sawijining logam campuran karo Beryllium menehi sumber neutron.

4.2 sumber

Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium

Mining, Ores logam

4.3 History

4.3.1 sing katutup

Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie

4.4.1 Discovery

ing taun 1922

ing taun 1898

4.5 turah mbrawah

4.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

7 * 10^-8 %ora Sumadhiya

5E-09 0.11

4.5.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000001 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

4.6.1 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1.7E-07 22

4.6.3 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

9.9E-12 8.1

4.8.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

4.8.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

5 ulah

5.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Character length exceed error

Polonium logam allotropes beda, kang digunakake ing piranti antistatic lan kanggo riset waé.

A 1 gram saka Polonium bisa tekan suhu 500 ° C, Empu kang digunakake minangka sumber panas kanggo peralatan papan.

5.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry amunisi

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi

5.1.2 Ulah Medical

5.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

wesi

5.2 Properties biologi

5.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

Highly Toxic

5.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

5.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiya0.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

6.2.5 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya0.00 ppm

0 170000

7 fisik

7.1 leleh Point

2,150.00 ° C254.00 ° C

27 3410

8.4 Boiling Point

5,400.00 ° C962.00 ° C

147 5660

8.7 katon

8.7.1 State fisik

Solid

8.7.2 warna

Gray

Silver

8.7.3 luster

metallic

8.8 atose

8.8.1 Mohs atose

5.50ora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

8.8.3 Brinell atose

1,450.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

8.8.5 Vickers atose

1,520.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

8.10 Kacepetan swara

3,010.00 m / sora Sumadhiya

818 16200

8.12 Properties Optical

8.12.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

9.2.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

9.3 allotropes

Ora

9.3.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

α-polonium

9.3.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

β-polonium

9.3.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

10 Kimia

10.1 Formula Kimia

10.2 isotop

10.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3229

0 38

10.4 keelektronegatifan

10.4.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.302.00

0.7 2.54

10.4.3 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

10.4.5 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.231.76

0.86 1.82

10.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya2.48

0.62 2.48

10.5.2 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.162.19

0.659 2.7

10.7 Electropositivity

10.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.00

1.46 3.3

10.8 tenogo ionisasi

10.8.1 Level Energy 1st

658.50 kJ / mol812.10 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

10.8.3 Level Energy 2

1,440.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

710.2162 28750

10.8.5 Level Energy 3rd

2,250.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

1600 34230

10.8.7 Level Energy 4

3,216.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

2780 37066

10.8.9 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

10.8.11 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

10.8.13 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

10.8.15 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

10.8.17 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

10.8.19 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

10.8.21 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

10.8.23 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

10.8.26 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

10.8.28 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

10.8.31 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

10.8.33 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

10.8.35 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

10.8.37 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

10.8.39 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

10.8.41 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

10.8.42 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

10.8.44 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

10.8.45 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

10.8.47 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

10.8.49 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

10.8.50 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

10.8.53 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

10.8.55 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

10.8.57 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

10.9.1 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

10.10 padha karo elektrokimia

1.66 g / amp-day3.90 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

11.2 Fungsi Work elektron

3.90 eVora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

11.6 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

12 atom

12.1 Panggil atom

7284

3 117

12.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ² 6s ²

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ¹⁰ 6s ² 6p ⁴

12.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

Pénguapan (Mon)

12.3.1 Crystal pola

12.4 atom

12.4.1 Jumlah proton

7284

3 117

12.4.3 Jumlah Neutron

106125

4 184

12.5.2 Jumlah Èlèktron

7284

3 117

12.6 Radius saka Atom

12.6.1 Radius atom

159.00 pm168.00 pm

112 265

12.7.1 kovalen Radius

175.00 pm140.00 pm

96 260

12.8.1 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm197.00 pm

139 348

12.11 Bobot atom

178.49 Amu209.00 Amu

6.94 294

12.13 Volume atom

13.60 cm3 / mol22.23 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

2.2 Nomer atom jejer

2.2.1 unsur Previous

2.2.2 Sabanjure unsur

2.3 Potensi Valence Electron

81.00 (-eV)ora Sumadhiya

8 392.42

2.6 Constant pola

319.64 pm335.90 pm

228.58 891.25

2.10 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.11 Pola C / A rasio

1.58ora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

3 Teknik

3.1 Kapadhetan

3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

13.31 g / cm ³9.20 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

3.3.3 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

12.00 g / cm39.40 g / cm3

0.512 20

3.7 Strength tensile

445.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

3.8 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

3.9 meksa beluk

3.9.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

3.9.3 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

3.11 situs kelenturan

3.11.1 nyukur pengaturan

30.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.3 222

4.1.4 pengaturan akeh

110.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.6 462

4.1.6 Young kang pengaturan

78.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.7 528

4.3 Poisson rasio

0.37ora Sumadhiya

0.032 0.47

4.4 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

5 Magnetic

5.1 Ciri Magnetic

5.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

13.319.32

0.53 4500

5.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

nonmagnetic

5.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

6.1.1 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

6.3 Properties Listrik

6.3.1 Property Listrik

Arman

6.3.2 resistivity

331.00 nΩ · m0.40 nΩ · m

0.18 961

6.5.1 konduktivitas listrik

0.03 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

6.6.1 elektron Affinity

0.00 kJ / mol183.30 kJ / mol

0 222.8

7 termal

7.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.14 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

7.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.73 J / mol · K26.40 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

7.3 doyo termal

23.00 W / m · K20.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

7.5 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

7.6 Expansion termal

5.90 μm / (m · K)23.50 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

7.7 enthalpy

7.7.1 Enthalpy panguapan

661.10 kJ / mol60.30 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

7.7.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

25.10 kJ / mol13.00 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

7.7.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

703.00 kJ / mol134.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

7.8 Standard molar Entropy

43.60 J / mol.Kora Sumadhiya

9.5 198.1

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