Hafnium

rubidium

mbandhingaké Hafnium lan rubidium

Hafnium

rubidium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

s pemblokiran

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

alkali

1.6 CAS Number

74405867440177

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

3M Im_

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00229.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.

Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.

2.2 sumber

Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium

Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1922

ing 1861

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

7 * 10^-8 %1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000001 %~0.000003 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Character length exceed error

aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry amunisi

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

wesi, tujuan Research

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiya2.49 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya5.00 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

2,150.00 ° C38.89 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

5,400.00 ° C688.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Gray

klawu putih

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

5.500.30

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

1,450.00 MPa0.22 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

1,520.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,010.00 m / s1,300.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3229

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.300.82

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya0.31

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.230.89

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya0.69

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.160.71

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.703.18

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

658.50 kJ / mol403.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,440.00 kJ / mol2,633.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,250.00 kJ / mol3,860.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

3,216.00 kJ / mol5,080.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiya6,850.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiya8,140.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiya9,570.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiya13,120.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiya14,500.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiya26,740.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.66 g / amp-day3.19 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

3.90 eV2.16 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

7237

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ² 6s ²

[Kr] 5S ¹

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

7237

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

10648

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

7237

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

159.00 pm248.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

175.00 pm220.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm303.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

178.49 Amu85.47 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

13.60 cm3 / mol55.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

81.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

319.64 pm558.50 pm

228.58 891.25

1.2 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

1.3 Pola C / A rasio

1.58ora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

2 Teknik

2.1 Kapadhetan

2.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

13.31 g / cm ³1.53 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

2.1.3 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

12.00 g / cm31.46 g / cm3

0.512 20

2.3 Strength tensile

445.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

2.4 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

2.5 meksa beluk

2.5.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

2.5.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

2.6 situs kelenturan

2.6.1 nyukur pengaturan

30.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.3 222

2.6.2 pengaturan akeh

110.00 GPA2.50 GPA

1.6 462

2.6.3 Young kang pengaturan

78.00 GPA2.40 GPA

1.7 528

2.7 Poisson rasio

0.37ora Sumadhiya

0.032 0.47

2.8 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

3 Magnetic

3.1 Ciri Magnetic

3.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

13.311.53

0.53 4500

3.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

3.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

3.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

3.2 Properties Listrik

3.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

3.2.2 resistivity

331.00 nΩ · m128.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

3.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.03 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.08 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

3.2.4 elektron Affinity

0.00 kJ / mol46.90 kJ / mol

0 222.8

4 termal

4.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.14 J / (kg K)0.36 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

4.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.73 J / mol · K31.06 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

4.3 doyo termal

23.00 W / m · K58.20 W / m · K

6.3 429

4.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiya2,093.00 K

26.3 3223

4.5 Expansion termal

5.90 μm / (m · K)90.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

4.6 enthalpy

4.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

661.10 kJ / mol69.20 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

4.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

25.10 kJ / mol2.19 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

4.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

703.00 kJ / mol82.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

4.7 Standard molar Entropy

43.60 J / mol.K76.80 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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