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Hafnium
Hafnium

rubidium
rubidium



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rubidium

mbandhingaké Hafnium lan rubidium

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1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
Hf
Rb
1.2 Panggil Group
41
Gadolinium unsur
0 17
1.3 Panggil periode
65
lithium unsur
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
s pemblokiran
1.5 Family unsur
transisi Metal
alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74405867440177
Aluminium unsur
7429905 54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
3M Im_
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
plutonium unsur
11 229
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
  • Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
  • metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.
  • Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
  • metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.
2.2 sumber
Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium
Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
ing taun 1922
ing 1861
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
7 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium unsur
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000003 %
Beryllium unsur
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold unsur
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium unsur
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %0.00 %
Protaktinium unsur
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya0.00 %
Radium unsur
1E-13 1.4
3 ulah
3.1 Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
  • aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
  • Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.
3.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry amunisi
NA
3.1.2 Ulah Medical
NA
NA
3.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
wesi, tujuan Research
3.2 Properties biologi
3.2.1 keracunan
Toxic
non Toxic
3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
3.2.3 Sang
ora Sumadhiya2.49 Sang / mg dm-3
plutonium unsur
0 1970
3.2.4 ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya5.00 ppm
plutonium unsur
0 170000
4 fisik
4.1 leleh Point
2,150.00 ° C38.89 ° C
Francium unsur
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,400.00 ° C688.00 ° C
Flerovium unsur
147 5660
4.3 katon
4.3.1 State fisik
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 warna
Gray
klawu putih
4.3.3 luster
metallic
NA
4.4 atose
4.4.1 Mohs atose
5.500.30
sesium unsur
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell atose
1,450.00 MPa0.22 MPa
sesium unsur
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers atose
1,520.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
Palladium unsur
121 3430
4.5 Kacepetan swara
3,010.00 m / s1,300.00 m / s
Thallium unsur
818 16200
4.6 Properties Optical
4.6.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Mercury unsur
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
58 97
4.7 allotropes
Ora
Ora
4.7.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
5 Kimia
5.1 Formula Kimia
Hf
Rb
5.2 isotop
5.2.1 Isotop dikenal
3229
Tennessine unsur
0 38
5.3 keelektronegatifan
5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.300.82
Francium unsur
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya0.31
sesium unsur
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.230.89
sesium unsur
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya0.69
sesium unsur
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas
1.160.71
sesium unsur
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.703.18
Gold unsur
1.46 3.3
5.5 tenogo ionisasi
5.5.1 Level Energy 1st
658.50 kJ / mol403.00 kJ / mol
sesium unsur
375.7 26130
5.5.2 Level Energy 2
1,440.00 kJ / mol2,633.00 kJ / mol
uranium unsur
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd
2,250.00 kJ / mol3,860.00 kJ / mol
osmium unsur
1600 34230
5.5.4 Level Energy 4
3,216.00 kJ / mol5,080.00 kJ / mol
thorium unsur
2780 37066
5.5.5 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya6,850.00 kJ / mol
dubnium unsur
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya8,140.00 kJ / mol
Seaborgium unsur
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya9,570.00 kJ / mol
Bohrium unsur
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya13,120.00 kJ / mol
hassium unsur
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya14,500.00 kJ / mol
Yttrium unsur
14110 134700
5.5.10 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya26,740.00 kJ / mol
strontium unsur
17100 144300
5.5.11 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Yttrium unsur
19900 169988
5.5.12 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
22219 189368
5.5.13 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
26930 76015
5.5.14 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
29196 86450
5.5.15 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Manganese unsur
41987 97510
5.5.16 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Iron unsur
47206 109480
5.5.17 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
kobalt unsur
52737 122200
5.5.18 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Nickel unsur
58570 134810
5.5.19 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
tembaga unsur
64702 148700
5.5.20 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
80400 171200
5.5.21 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
87000 179100
5.5.22 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
93400 184900
5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
98420 198800
5.5.24 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
104400 195200
5.5.25 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
121900 121900
5.5.26 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
127700 127700
5.5.27 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
133800 133800
5.5.28 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
139800 139800
5.5.29 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
148100 148100
5.5.30 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
154500 154500
5.6 padha karo elektrokimia
1.66 g / amp-day3.19 g / amp-day
Beryllium unsur
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Fungsi Work elektron
3.90 eV2.16 eV
sesium unsur
2.14 5.65
5.8 Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
6 atom
6.1 Panggil atom
7237
lithium unsur
3 117
6.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 2 6s 2
[Kr] 5S 1
6.3 Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
6.3.1 Crystal pola
6.4 atom
6.4.1 Jumlah proton
7237
lithium unsur
3 117
6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
10648
lithium unsur
4 184
6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
7237
lithium unsur
3 117
6.5 Radius saka Atom
6.5.1 Radius atom
159.00 pm248.00 pm
Beryllium unsur
112 265
6.5.2 kovalen Radius
175.00 pm220.00 pm
Beryllium unsur
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm303.00 pm
seng unsur
139 348
6.6 Bobot atom
178.49 Amu85.47 Amu
lithium unsur
6.94 294
6.7 Volume atom
13.60 cm3 / mol55.90 cm3 / mol
Manganese unsur
1.39 71.07
6.8 Nomer atom jejer
6.8.1 unsur Previous
6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
6.9 Potensi Valence Electron
81.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
Francium unsur
8 392.42
6.10 Constant pola
319.64 pm558.50 pm
Beryllium unsur
228.58 891.25
6.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Pola C / A rasio
1.58ora Sumadhiya
Beryllium unsur
1.567 1.886
7 Teknik
7.1 Kapadhetan
7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
13.31 g / cm 31.53 g / cm 3
lithium unsur
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
12.00 g / cm31.46 g / cm3
lithium unsur
0.512 20
7.2 Strength tensile
445.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
Indium unsur
2.5 11000
7.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Mercury unsur
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 meksa beluk
7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
cerium unsur
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
tungsten unsur
2.62E-10 774
7.5 situs kelenturan
7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
30.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
kalium unsur
1.3 222
7.5.2 pengaturan akeh
110.00 GPA2.50 GPA
sesium unsur
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
78.00 GPA2.40 GPA
sesium unsur
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson rasio
0.37ora Sumadhiya
Beryllium unsur
0.032 0.47
7.7 Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Ciri Magnetic
8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
13.311.53
lithium unsur
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
8.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Bismuth unsur
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Bismuth unsur
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Properties Listrik
8.2.1 Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
8.2.2 resistivity
331.00 nΩ · m128.00 nΩ · m
Thallium unsur
0.18 961
8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.03 10 6 / cm Ω0.08 10 6 / cm Ω
plutonium unsur
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 elektron Affinity
0.00 kJ / mol46.90 kJ / mol
Mercury unsur
0 222.8
9 termal
9.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.14 J / (kg K)0.36 J / (kg K)
americium unsur
0.11 3.6
9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.73 J / mol · K31.06 J / mol · K
Beryllium unsur
16.443 62.7
9.3 doyo termal
23.00 W / m · K58.20 W / m · K
neptunium unsur
6.3 429
9.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya2,093.00 K
ytterbium unsur
26.3 3223
9.5 Expansion termal
5.90 μm / (m · K)90.00 μm / (m · K)
tungsten unsur
4.5 97
9.6 enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
661.10 kJ / mol69.20 kJ / mol
seng unsur
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
25.10 kJ / mol2.19 kJ / mol
sesium unsur
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
703.00 kJ / mol82.00 kJ / mol
Mercury unsur
61.5 837
9.7 Standard molar Entropy
43.60 J / mol.K76.80 J / mol.K
Beryllium unsur
9.5 198.1