Symbol
Co
Th
Panggil Group
90
0
17
👆🏻
Panggil periode
47
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
transisi Metal
actinide
CAS Number
74404847440326
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Facts Interesting
- Sumber utama Kobalt minangka produk sampingan saka pertambangan logam tembaga lan nikel.
- Logam kobalt bisa dipikolehi saka unsur liyane kayata Oksigen, Sulfur lan Arsenik.
- Uga digunakake ing proses electroplating amarga nuduhake sifat anti cession.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Found in Senyawa, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Georg Brandt
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
ing 1732
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.06 %0.05 %
0
22
👆🏻
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %0.66 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Ulah lan Wuku
- Sawijining wesi aluminium lan nikel sing digunakake kanggo nggawe wesi sembrani kuat.
- Sawetara wesi liyane ngetokne kekuatan-suhu dhuwur lan Empu padha digunakake ing Turbines saka Jet lan Gas engine.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
Industry Pharmaceutical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.04 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
ing Bone
0.04 ppm0.02 ppm
0
170000
👆🏻
leleh Point
1,495.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,870.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C
0
5660
👆🏻
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Gray
Silver
luster
metallic
-
atose
Mohs atose
5.003.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell atose
470.00 MPa390.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers atose
1,043.00 MPa295.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Kacepetan swara
4,720.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s
818
16200
👆🏻
Properties Optical
bias Index
2.501.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
reflectivity
67.00 %15.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
allotropes
Ya
Ora
α allotropes
α-kobalt
-
β allotropes
β-kobalt
-
γ allotropes
-
-
Formula Kimia
Co
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
2628
0
38
👆🏻
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.881.30
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
2.561.30
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.701.11
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
1.881.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.841.30
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.122.70
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
760.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
Level Energy 2
1,648.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
Level Energy 3rd
3,232.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
Level Energy 4
4,950.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
Level Energy 5th
7,670.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
392
97510
👆🏻
Level Energy 6th
9,840.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
tingkat Energy 7
12,440.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
Level Energy 8
15,230.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
730
125300
👆🏻
Level Energy 9
17,959.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
Level Energy 10th
26,570.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
392
144300
👆🏻
Level Energy 11
29,400.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
392
169988
👆🏻
Level Energy 12
32,400.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
0
189368
👆🏻
Level Energy 13
36,600.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
Level Energy 14
39,700.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
380
86450
👆🏻
Level Energy 15
42,800.00 kJ / mol58,700.00 kJ / mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
Level Energy 16
49,396.00 kJ / mol58,700.00 kJ / mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
Level Energy 17
52,737.00 kJ / mol587.40 kJ / mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
Level Energy 18
134,810.00 kJ / mol5,870.00 kJ / mol
0
134810
👆🏻
Level Energy 19
145,170.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
Level Energy 20
154,700.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
0
171200
👆🏻
Level Energy 21
167,400.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
Level Energy 22
178,100.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
330
184900
👆🏻
Level Energy 23rd
189,300.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
Level Energy 24
760.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
Level Energy 25th
760.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
0
121900
👆🏻
Level Energy 26th
760.40 kJ / mol587.40 kJ / mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
Level Energy 27th
760.40 kJ / mol587.40 kJ / mol
0
133800
👆🏻
Level Energy 28th
760.40 kJ / mol587.40 kJ / mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
Level Energy 29
760.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
0
148100
👆🏻
Level Energy 30
760.40 kJ / mol587.40 kJ / mol
0
154500
👆🏻
padha karo elektrokimia
1.10 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Fungsi Work elektron
5.00 eV3.41 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Properties Kimia liyane
Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Panggil atom
2290
3
117
👆🏻
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 2 4s 2
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
atom
Jumlah proton
2290
3
117
👆🏻
Jumlah Neutron
26142
4
285
👆🏻
Jumlah Èlèktron
2290
3
117
👆🏻
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
147.00 pm179.80 pm
0
348
👆🏻
kovalen Radius
160.00 pm206.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm237.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Bobot atom
47.87 Amu232.04 Amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Volume atom
10.64 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Nomer atom jejer
unsur Previous
Sabanjure unsur
Potensi Valence Electron
95.20 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Constant pola
295.08 pm508.42 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
1.261.10
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
4.51 g / cm 311.72 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
4.11 g / cm311.72 g / cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Strength tensile
434.00 MPa75.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
viskositas
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
44.00 GPA31.00 GPA
1.3
222
👆🏻
pengaturan akeh
110.00 GPA54.00 GPA
0
462
👆🏻
Young kang pengaturan
116.00 GPA79.00 GPA
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson rasio
0.320.27
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
4,500.0011.70
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
permeabilitas
0.00 H / m0.00 H / m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
kelemahan
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman miskin
superconductor
resistivity
420.00 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m
0.1
961
👆🏻
konduktivitas listrik
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
elektron Affinity
7.60 kJ / mol0.00 kJ / mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Kalor tartamtu
0.52 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.06 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
doyo termal
21.90 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K
0
429
👆🏻
suhu kritis
1,768.00 K2,023.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Expansion termal
8.60 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻