1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.6 Panggil periode
1.10 Block
1.11 Family unsur
transisi Metal
lanthanide
1.12 CAS Number
74404737440542
7429905
54386242
2.5 Jeneng papan Group
2.6 Space Group Number
3 facts
3.1 Facts Interesting
- Krom punika reaktif, Empu durung ketemu gratis ing alam.
- Ores saka Chromites Mineral sing sumber utama saka logam Krom.
- Meh 90% penyamakan kulit wis rampung karo bantuan saka krom.
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
3.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 sing katutup
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
3.3.2 Discovery
Ing Antarane 1797 - 1798
ing taun 1880
3.4 turah mbrawah
3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.002 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.1 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
3.8.1 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
4.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
5.1.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %ora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
7 ulah
7.1 Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
7.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry automobile, Industri Kimia
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
7.1.2 Ulah Medical
7.1.3 Ulah liyane
7.2 Properties biologi
7.2.1 keracunan
7.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
7.2.3 Sang
0.11 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya
0
1970
7.4.1 ing Bone
0.33 ppmora Sumadhiya
0
170000
8 fisik
8.1 leleh Point
1,857.00 ° C1,311.00 ° C
27
3410
8.3 Boiling Point
2,672.00 ° C3,233.00 ° C
147
5660
8.6 katon
8.6.1 State fisik
8.6.2 warna
8.6.3 luster
8.7 atose
8.7.1 Mohs atose
8.50ora Sumadhiya
0.2
8.5
8.8.2 Brinell atose
687.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
0.14
3490
9.2.2 Vickers atose
1,060.00 MPa510.00 MPa
121
3430
9.5 Kacepetan swara
5,940.00 m / s2,680.00 m / s
818
16200
10.2 Properties Optical
10.2.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
10.2.5 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
10.3 allotropes
10.3.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
10.3.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
10.3.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
11 Kimia
11.1 Formula Kimia
11.2 isotop
11.2.1 Isotop dikenal
11.4 keelektronegatifan
11.4.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
11.6.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.66ora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
11.6.5 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
12.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
12.2.1 Allen Elektronegativitas
1.65ora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
12.4 Electropositivity
12.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.6 tenogo ionisasi
12.6.1 Level Energy 1st
26,130.00 kJ / mol593.40 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
12.7.2 Level Energy 2
28,750.00 kJ / mol1,170.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
12.7.4 Level Energy 3rd
34,230.00 kJ / mol1,990.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
12.8.3 Level Energy 4
37,066.00 kJ / mol4,250.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
12.8.6 Level Energy 5th
97,510.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
12.8.9 Level Energy 6th
105,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
12.8.10 tingkat Energy 7
114,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
12.9.1 Level Energy 8
125,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
12.9.3 Level Energy 9
134,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
12.9.4 Level Energy 10th
144,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
12.9.6 Level Energy 11
26,130.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
12.9.9 Level Energy 12
28,750.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
12.9.11 Level Energy 13
34,230.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
12.9.13 Level Energy 14
37,066.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
12.9.16 Level Energy 15
97,510.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
12.9.18 Level Energy 16
105,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
12.9.21 Level Energy 17
114,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
12.9.24 Level Energy 18
125,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
12.9.28 Level Energy 19
134,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
12.9.30 Level Energy 20
144,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
12.10.1 Level Energy 21
157,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
12.10.2 Level Energy 22
166,090.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
12.11.1 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
13.1.1 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
13.1.2 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
13.4.2 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
13.4.4 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
13.4.5 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
13.4.7 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
13.5.2 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
13.6 padha karo elektrokimia
0.32 g / amp-day1.96 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
13.7 Fungsi Work elektron
13.9 Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
14 atom
14.1 Panggil atom
14.5 Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 5 4s 1
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
14.6 Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
14.6.1 Crystal pola
14.7 atom
14.7.1 Jumlah proton
14.8.1 Jumlah Neutron
15.1.2 Jumlah Èlèktron
15.2 Radius saka Atom
15.2.1 Radius atom
128.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
15.3.1 kovalen Radius
139.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
15.5.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
15.6 Bobot atom
52.00 Amu47.87 Amu
6.94
294
15.8 Volume atom
7.23 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
15.9 Nomer atom jejer
15.9.1 unsur Previous
15.9.2 Sabanjure unsur
15.10 Potensi Valence Electron
170.00 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.11 Constant pola
291.00 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
15.13 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
15.14 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya1.59
1.567
1.886
16 Teknik
16.1 Kapadhetan
16.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.19 g / cm 37.90 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
17.1.4 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
6.30 g / cm37.40 g / cm3
0.512
20
17.3 Strength tensile
689.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
17.4 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
17.5 meksa beluk
17.5.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
17.5.3 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)7.39 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
18.2 situs kelenturan
18.2.1 nyukur pengaturan
115.00 GPA21.80 GPA
1.3
222
18.3.1 pengaturan akeh
160.00 GPA37.90 GPA
1.6
462
18.4.1 Young kang pengaturan
279.00 GPA54.80 GPA
1.7
528
18.7 Poisson rasio
18.9 Properties Teknik liyane
19 Magnetic
19.1 Ciri Magnetic
19.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
19.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Ferromagnetic
19.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
19.1.5 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
19.2 Properties Listrik
19.2.1 Property Listrik
19.2.2 resistivity
125.00 nΩ · m1.31 nΩ · m
0.18
961
19.3.1 konduktivitas listrik
0.08 10 6 / cm Ω0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.3.2 elektron Affinity
64.30 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol
0
222.8
20 termal
20.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.45 J / (kg K)0.23 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
23.35 J / mol · K37.03 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
20.3 doyo termal
93.90 W / m · K10.60 W / m · K
6.3
429
20.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
20.5 Expansion termal
4.90 μm / (m · K)9.40 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
20.6 enthalpy
20.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
348.80 kJ / mol359.40 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
20.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.31 kJ / mol10.05 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
20.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
397.50 kJ / mol352.00 kJ / mol
61.5
837
20.7 Standard molar Entropy
23.80 J / mol.K68.10 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1