mbandhingaké krom lan thorium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Cr
Th
Panggil Group
6
12
0
18
Panggil periode
4
7
Block
d block
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
transisi Metal
actinide
CAS Number
7440473
39
7440326
99+
Jeneng papan Group
3M Im_
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Krom punika reaktif, Empu durung ketemu gratis ing alam.
- Ores saka Chromites Mineral sing sumber utama saka logam Krom.
- Meh 90% penyamakan kulit wis rampung karo bantuan saka krom.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
Ing Antarane 1797 - 1798
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.002 %
7
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.30 %
7
0.05 %
11
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.01 %
13
0.66 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
15
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %
16
ora Sumadhiya
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
Industry automobile, Industri Kimia
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
Highly Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.11 Sang / mg dm-3
12
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ing Bone
0.33 ppm
21
0.02 ppm
29
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,857.00 ° C
14
1,750.00 ° C
17
Boiling Point
2,672.00 ° C
39
4,790.00 ° C
8
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
Silver
luster
metallic
NA
atose
Mohs atose
8.50
1
3.00
12
Brinell atose
687.00 MPa
16
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers atose
1,060.00 MPa
10
295.00 MPa
29
Kacepetan swara
5,940.00 m / s
5
2,490.00 m / s
36
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Cr
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
21
18
28
11
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.66
18
1.30
32
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.66
14
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.56
10
1.11
29
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.65
19
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34
36
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
26,130.00 kJ / mol
1
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
28,750.00 kJ / mol
1
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
34,230.00 kJ / mol
1
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
37,066.00 kJ / mol
1
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 5th
97,510.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 6th
105,800.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
tingkat Energy 7
114,300.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 8
125,300.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 9
134,700.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 10th
144,300.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 11
26,130.00 kJ / mol
12
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 12
28,750.00 kJ / mol
13
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 13
34,230.00 kJ / mol
10
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 14
37,066.00 kJ / mol
12
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 15
97,510.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 16
105,800.00 kJ / mol
2
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 17
114,300.00 kJ / mol
3
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 18
125,300.00 kJ / mol
4
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 19
134,700.00 kJ / mol
5
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 20
144,300.00 kJ / mol
7
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 21
157,700.00 kJ / mol
7
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 22
166,090.00 kJ / mol
6
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
0.32 g / amp-day
99+
2.16 g / amp-day
24
Fungsi Work elektron
4.50 eV
14
3.41 eV
32
Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
24
99+
90
28
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 5 4s 1
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
24
99+
90
28
Jumlah Neutron
28
99+
142
15
Jumlah Èlèktron
24
99+
90
28
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
128.00 pm
99+
179.80 pm
15
kovalen Radius
139.00 pm
99+
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
52.00 Amu
99+
232.04 Amu
23
Volume atom
7.23 cm3 / mol
99+
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
170.00 (-eV)
4
59.30 (-eV)
23
Constant pola
291.00 pm
99+
508.42 pm
14
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.19 g / cm 3
99+
11.72 g / cm 3
32
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
6.30 g / cm3
40
ora Sumadhiya
Strength tensile
689.00 MPa
7
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
ora Sumadhiya
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)
1
0.00 (Pa)
22
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
115.00 GPA
9
31.00 GPA
21
pengaturan akeh
160.00 GPA
11
54.00 GPA
22
Young kang pengaturan
279.00 GPA
8
79.00 GPA
24
Poisson rasio
0.21
32
0.27
20
Properties Teknik liyane
NA
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
7.19
99+
11.70
23
Nindakake Magnetic
Antiferromagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
NA
superconductor
resistivity
125.00 nΩ · m
27
157.00 nΩ · m
22
konduktivitas listrik
0.08 10 6 / cm Ω
25
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
elektron Affinity
64.30 kJ / mol
15
ora Sumadhiya
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.45 J / (kg K)
12
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
23.35 J / mol · K
99+
26.23 J / mol · K
30
doyo termal
93.90 W / m · K
17
54.00 W / m · K
28
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
4.90 μm / (m · K)
99+
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
348.80 kJ / mol
24
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.31 kJ / mol
20
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
397.50 kJ / mol
21
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
23.80 J / mol.K
99+
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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