1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
1.5 Family unsur
transisi Metal
lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74404737440304
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
- Krom punika reaktif, Empu durung ketemu gratis ing alam.
- Ores saka Chromites Mineral sing sumber utama saka logam Krom.
- Meh 90% penyamakan kulit wis rampung karo bantuan saka krom.
- Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
- Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.
2.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
Ing Antarane 1797 - 1798
ing taun 1879
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.002 %~0.00000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %ora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
3 ulah
3.1 Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
- Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.
3.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry automobile, Industri Kimia
NA
3.1.2 Ulah Medical
3.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
3.2 Properties biologi
3.2.1 keracunan
3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
3.2.3 Sang
0.11 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya
0
1970
3.2.4 ing Bone
0.33 ppmora Sumadhiya
0
170000
4 fisik
4.1 leleh Point
1,857.00 ° C1,545.00 ° C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,672.00 ° C1,730.00 ° C
147
5660
4.3 katon
4.3.1 State fisik
4.3.2 warna
4.3.3 luster
4.4 atose
4.4.1 Mohs atose
8.50ora Sumadhiya
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell atose
687.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers atose
1,060.00 MPa520.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Kacepetan swara
5,940.00 m / sora Sumadhiya
818
16200
4.6 Properties Optical
4.6.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
4.7 allotropes
4.7.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
5 Kimia
5.1 Formula Kimia
5.2 isotop
5.2.1 Isotop dikenal
5.3 keelektronegatifan
5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.66ora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas
1.65ora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 tenogo ionisasi
5.5.1 Level Energy 1st
26,130.00 kJ / mol596.70 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 Level Energy 2
28,750.00 kJ / mol1,160.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd
34,230.00 kJ / mol2,285.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 Level Energy 4
37,066.00 kJ / mol4,120.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 Level Energy 5th
97,510.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 Level Energy 6th
105,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7
114,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 Level Energy 8
125,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 Level Energy 9
134,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
5.5.10 Level Energy 10th
144,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
5.5.11 Level Energy 11
26,130.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
5.5.12 Level Energy 12
28,750.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
5.5.13 Level Energy 13
34,230.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
5.5.14 Level Energy 14
37,066.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
5.5.15 Level Energy 15
97,510.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
5.5.16 Level Energy 16
105,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
5.5.17 Level Energy 17
114,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
5.5.18 Level Energy 18
125,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
5.5.19 Level Energy 19
134,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
5.5.20 Level Energy 20
144,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
5.5.21 Level Energy 21
157,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
5.5.22 Level Energy 22
166,090.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
1.2.1 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
1.2.2 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
1.3.1 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
1.6.1 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
1.6.2 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
1.8.1 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
1.8.2 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
1.8.3 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
1.9 padha karo elektrokimia
0.32 g / amp-day2.10 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
1.10 Fungsi Work elektron
4.50 eVora Sumadhiya
2.14
5.65
1.11 Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
2 atom
2.1 Panggil atom
2.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 5 4s 1
[Xe] 4F 13 6s 2
2.3 Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
2.3.1 Crystal pola
2.4 atom
2.4.1 Jumlah proton
2.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
2.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
2.5 Radius saka Atom
2.5.1 Radius atom
128.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
2.5.2 kovalen Radius
139.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmora Sumadhiya
139
348
2.6 Bobot atom
52.00 Amu168.93 Amu
6.94
294
2.7 Volume atom
7.23 cm3 / mol18.10 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
2.8 Nomer atom jejer
2.8.1 unsur Previous
2.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
2.9 Potensi Valence Electron
170.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.10 Constant pola
291.00 pm353.75 pm
228.58
891.25
2.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
2.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya1.57
1.567
1.886
3 Teknik
3.1 Kapadhetan
3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.19 g / cm 39.32 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
3.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
6.30 g / cm38.56 g / cm3
0.512
20
3.2 Strength tensile
689.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
3.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
3.4 meksa beluk
3.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
3.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
3.5 situs kelenturan
3.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
115.00 GPA30.50 GPA
1.3
222
3.5.2 pengaturan akeh
160.00 GPA44.50 GPA
1.6
462
3.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
279.00 GPA74.00 GPA
1.7
528
3.6 Poisson rasio
3.7 Properties Teknik liyane
4 Magnetic
4.1 Ciri Magnetic
4.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
4.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
Antiferromagnetic
paramagnetic
4.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
4.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
4.2 Properties Listrik
4.2.1 Property Listrik
4.2.2 resistivity
125.00 nΩ · m676.00 nΩ · m
0.18
961
4.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.08 10 6 / cm Ω0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
4.2.4 elektron Affinity
64.30 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol
0
222.8
5 termal
5.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.45 J / (kg K)0.16 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
5.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
23.35 J / mol · K27.03 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
5.3 doyo termal
93.90 W / m · K16.90 W / m · K
6.3
429
5.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
5.5 Expansion termal
4.90 μm / (m · K)13.30 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
5.6 enthalpy
5.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
348.80 kJ / mol191.00 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
5.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.31 kJ / mol16.80 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
5.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
397.50 kJ / mol247.00 kJ / mol
61.5
837
5.7 Standard molar Entropy
23.80 J / mol.K74.00 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1