Lead

rubidium

mbandhingaké Lead lan rubidium

Lead

rubidium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

141

0 17

1.4 Panggil periode

2 7

1.6 Block

p pemblokiran

s pemblokiran

1.7 Family unsur

Transisi Post-

alkali

1.8 CAS Number

74399217440177

7429905 54386242

2.3 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

3M Im_

2.4 Space Group Number

225.00229.00

11 229

3 facts

3.1 Facts Interesting

Galena Mineral ngandhut meh 87% saka logam Lead ing, Galena punika sulfide Mineral.
Sumber kasedhiya paling saka logam Lead dina iku dening ulang batre automobile.

Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.

3.2 sumber

bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals

Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.

3.3 History

3.3.1 sing katutup

Unknown

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

3.3.2 Discovery

Ing Tengah Easterns (7000 SM)

ing 1861

3.4 turah mbrawah

3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-6 %1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.000001 %~0.000003 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.7 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.6.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.6.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

4 ulah

4.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing insecticides, alami rambute lan minangka aditif anti-nuthuk kanggo bensin. Nanging kabeh iki dilarang déning pamaréntah minangka logam Lead dikenal kanggo ngrugekake kanggo kesehatan.

aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.

4.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

4.1.2 Ulah Medical

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, tujuan Research

4.2 Properties biologi

4.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

non Toxic

4.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

4.2.3 Sang

0.21 Sang / mg dm-32.49 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 ing Bone

30.00 ppm5.00 ppm

0 170000

5 fisik

5.1 leleh Point

327.50 ° C38.89 ° C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

1,740.00 ° C688.00 ° C

147 5660

5.3 katon

5.3.1 State fisik

Solid

5.3.2 warna

Gray

klawu putih

5.3.3 luster

metallic

5.4 atose

5.4.1 Mohs atose

1.500.30

0.2 8.5

5.4.3 Brinell atose

38.00 MPa0.22 MPa

0.14 3490

5.4.5 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

5.5 Kacepetan swara

1,190.00 m / s1,300.00 m / s

818 16200

5.6 Properties Optical

5.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

5.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

5.7 allotropes

Ora

5.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

6 Kimia

6.1 Formula Kimia

6.2 isotop

6.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3529

0 38

6.3 keelektronegatifan

6.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.870.82

0.7 2.54

6.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

2.290.31

0.22 2.56

6.3.4 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.550.89

0.86 1.82

6.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

2.410.69

0.62 2.48

6.3.8 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.850.71

0.659 2.7

6.4 Electropositivity

6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.673.18

1.46 3.3

6.5 tenogo ionisasi

6.5.1 Level Energy 1st

715.60 kJ / mol403.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

6.5.4 Level Energy 2

1,450.50 kJ / mol2,633.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

6.5.6 Level Energy 3rd

3,081.50 kJ / mol3,860.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

6.5.9 Level Energy 4

4,083.00 kJ / mol5,080.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

6.5.12 Level Energy 5th

6,640.00 kJ / mol6,850.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

6.5.14 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiya8,140.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

6.5.16 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiya9,570.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

6.6.1 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiya13,120.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

6.6.2 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiya14,500.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

6.7.1 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiya26,740.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

7.1.1 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

7.4.2 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

7.4.4 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

7.4.6 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

7.5.3 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

7.5.5 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

7.7.1 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

7.9.1 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

7.10.1 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

7.11.1 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

8.1.2 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

8.1.3 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

8.1.5 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

8.2.1 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

8.3.1 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

8.4.2 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

8.4.4 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

8.5.2 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

8.5.3 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

8.5.5 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

8.6 padha karo elektrokimia

3.87 g / amp-day3.19 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

8.8 Fungsi Work elektron

4.25 eV2.16 eV

2.14 5.65

9.2 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

10 atom

10.1 Panggil atom

8237

3 117

10.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ¹⁰ 6s ² 6p ²

[Kr] 5S ¹

10.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

10.3.1 Crystal pola

10.4 atom

10.4.1 Jumlah proton

8237

3 117

1.2.1 Jumlah Neutron

12548

4 184

1.3.1 Jumlah Èlèktron

8237

3 117

1.7 Radius saka Atom

1.7.1 Radius atom

175.00 pm248.00 pm

112 265

1.8.1 kovalen Radius

146.00 pm220.00 pm

96 260

2.1.1 Van der Waals Radius

202.00 pm303.00 pm

139 348

3.5 Bobot atom

207.20 Amu85.47 Amu

6.94 294

3.7 Volume atom

18.17 cm3 / mol55.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

3.10 Nomer atom jejer

3.10.1 unsur Previous

3.10.2 Sabanjure unsur

3.11 Potensi Valence Electron

24.20 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)

8 392.42

3.13 Constant pola

495.08 pm558.50 pm

228.58 891.25

4.3 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

4.4 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

5 Teknik

5.1 Kapadhetan

5.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

11.34 g / cm ³1.53 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

6.2.1 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

10.66 g / cm31.46 g / cm3

0.512 20

6.6 Strength tensile

12.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

6.7 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

6.8 meksa beluk

6.8.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

1.64 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

6.8.3 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

6.10 situs kelenturan

6.10.1 nyukur pengaturan

5.60 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.3 222

6.11.3 pengaturan akeh

46.00 GPA2.50 GPA

1.6 462

7.3.2 Young kang pengaturan

16.00 GPA2.40 GPA

1.7 528

7.4 Poisson rasio

0.44ora Sumadhiya

0.032 0.47

7.5 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

11.351.53

0.53 4500

8.1.3 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.4 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.2.2 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.4 Properties Listrik

8.4.1 Property Listrik

Arman miskin

Arman

8.4.2 resistivity

208.00 nΩ · m128.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.4.5 konduktivitas listrik

0.05 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.08 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.4.7 elektron Affinity

35.10 kJ / mol46.90 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.13 J / (kg K)0.36 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.65 J / mol · K31.06 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

35.30 W / m · K58.20 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiya2,093.00 K

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

28.90 μm / (m · K)90.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

179.40 kJ / mol69.20 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.4 Enthalpy saka Fusion

4.77 kJ / mol2.19 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.7 Enthalpy saka atomization

194.60 kJ / mol82.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

64.80 J / mol.K76.80 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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