lithium

Gadolinium

mbandhingaké lithium lan Gadolinium

lithium

Gadolinium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

s pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

alkali

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74399327440542

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

3M Im_

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

kapasitas panas saka Lithium banget dhuwur.
Lithium logam inflammable lan Highly mbledhos, Empu iku wis bisa disimpen.

Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Johan August Arfwedson

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1817

ing taun 1880

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

6 * 10^-7 %2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.00017 %~0.0000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Panggunaan utama Lithium wis Manufaktur strum maneh batre kanggo peralatan elektronik lan Gadgets.
iku uga digunakake ing Manufaktur batre non-strum.

wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

1.30 ppmora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

180.54 ° C1,311.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,347.00 ° C3,233.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Putih

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

0.60ora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

5.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya510.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

6,000.00 m / s2,680.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

826

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

0.981.20

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

0.89ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

0.971.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

0.97ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

0.91ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.022.80

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

520.20 kJ / mol593.40 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

7,298.10 kJ / mol1,170.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

11,815.00 kJ / mol1,990.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

ora Sumadhiya4,250.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.26 g / amp-day1.96 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

2.90 eV3.10 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

364

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Panjenenganipun] 2s ¹

[Xe] 4F ⁷ 5d ¹ 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

364

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

493

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

364

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

152.00 pm180.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

128.00 pm196.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

182.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

6.94 Amu47.87 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

13.10 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

19.00 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

351.00 pm363.60 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.59

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

0.53 g / cm ³7.90 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

0.51 g / cm37.40 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

109.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya7.39 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

4.20 GPA21.80 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

11.00 GPA37.90 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

4.90 GPA54.80 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.26

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

0.537.90

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

92.80 nΩ · m1.31 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.11 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

59.60 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

3.60 J / (kg K)0.23 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

24.86 J / mol · K37.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

84.80 W / m · K10.60 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

3,223.00 Kora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

46.00 μm / (m · K)9.40 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

134.70 kJ / mol359.40 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

3.00 kJ / mol10.05 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

160.70 kJ / mol352.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

29.10 J / mol.K68.10 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

Mbandhingaké

lithium mungsuh plutonium

lithium mungsuh Beryllium

lithium mungsuh Panerapan

plutonium