Palladium

thulium

mbandhingaké Palladium lan thulium

Palladium

thulium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

10ora Sumadhiya

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74400537440304

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Character length exceed error

Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.

2.2 sumber

Ores logam

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

William Hyde Wollaston

Per Teodor Cleve

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1803

ing taun 1879

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

2 * 10^-7 %1 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000003 %~0.00000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Biasane Proteksi logam digunakake ing katalitik dinggo ngowahi. Ing industri elektronik kang digunakake ing kapasitor Keramik saka mobile lan komputer.
Kang digunakake ing perhiasan lan fillings dental lan Koruna.

Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Industry Pharmaceutical, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

koin, bullion, Jewellery

wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,554.90 ° C1,545.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,963.00 ° C1,730.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Silver

perak Gray

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

4.75ora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

320.00 MPa471.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

121.00 MPa520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,070.00 m / sora Sumadhiya

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

1.72ora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

84.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3832

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

2.201.25

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.351.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.59ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.802.75

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

520.23 kJ / mol596.70 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

7,298.22 kJ / mol1,160.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

11,815.13 kJ / mol2,285.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

ora Sumadhiya4,120.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.99 g / amp-day2.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

5.12 eVora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

4669

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Kr] 4d ¹⁰

[Xe] 4F ¹³ 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

4669

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

60100

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

4669

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

137.00 pm176.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

139.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

163.00 pmora Sumadhiya

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

106.42 Amu168.93 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

8.90 cm3 / mol18.10 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

33.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

389.07 pm353.75 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.57

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

12.02 g / cm ³9.32 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

10.38 g / cm38.56 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

44.00 GPA30.50 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

180.00 GPA44.50 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

121.00 GPA74.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.390.21

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable, Weldable

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

12.029.32

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

105.40 nΩ · m676.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.10 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

54.23 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.24 J / (kg K)0.16 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.98 J / mol · K27.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

71.80 W / m · K16.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

11.80 μm / (m · K)13.30 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

376.60 kJ / mol191.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

16.74 kJ / mol16.80 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

393.30 kJ / mol247.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

37.60 J / mol.K74.00 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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