Panerapan

thulium

mbandhingaké Panerapan lan thulium

Panerapan

thulium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

13ora Sumadhiya

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

p pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

Transisi Post-

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74405537440304

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Cmca

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

64.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

A gram saka logam Gallium bisa tuku mung telung dolar.
Panerapan logam ketemu ing ores bab ing ngisor iki Coal, Bauksit, Diaspore, sphalerite, germanite lan Seng.

Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.

2.2 sumber

bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Per Teodor Cleve

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1875

ing taun 1879

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-6 %1 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.000004 %~0.00000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Panerapan arsenida punika komponèn penting banget akeh semikonduktor lan manufaktur mimpin.

Panerapan nitride uga ngerti minangka semikonduktor lan digunakake ing teknologi Blu-ray, Smartphone mobile lan LED.

Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

0.08 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

29.78 ° C1,545.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,403.00 ° C1,730.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Putih

perak Gray

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

1.50ora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

56.80 MPa471.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

2,740.00 m / sora Sumadhiya

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2432

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.811.25

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

2.42ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.821.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

2.01ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.76ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.192.75

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

578.80 kJ / mol596.70 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,979.30 kJ / mol1,160.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,963.00 kJ / mol2,285.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

6,180.00 kJ / mol4,120.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.87 g / amp-day2.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.20 eVora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

3169

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ar] 3d ¹⁰ 4s ² 4p ¹

[Xe] 4F ¹³ 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Orthorhombic (Orth)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

3169

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

39100

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

3169

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

135.00 pm176.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

122.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

187.00 pmora Sumadhiya

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

69.72 Amu168.93 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

11.80 cm3 / mol18.10 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

69.70 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

451.97 pm353.75 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.57

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

5.91 g / cm ³9.32 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

6.10 g / cm38.56 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya30.50 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya44.50 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

9.80 GPA74.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.470.21

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

5.919.32

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Semiconductor

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

270.00 nΩ · m676.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

28.90 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.37 J / (kg K)0.16 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.86 J / mol · K27.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

40.60 W / m · K16.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

18.00 μm / (m · K)13.30 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

256.10 kJ / mol191.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

5.59 kJ / mol16.80 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

276.10 kJ / mol247.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

40.80 J / mol.K74.00 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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