rubidium

thorium

mbandhingaké rubidium lan thorium

rubidium

thorium

Add ⊕

1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

s pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

alkali

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74401777440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

3M Im_

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1861

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-6 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.000003 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.01 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, tujuan Research

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

2.49 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

5.00 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

38.89 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

688.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

klawu putih

Silver

4.3.3 luster

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

0.303.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

0.22 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

1,300.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2928

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

0.821.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

0.31ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

0.891.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

0.69ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

0.71ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.182.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

403.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

2,633.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

3,860.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

5,080.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

6,850.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

8,140.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

9,570.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

13,120.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

14,500.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

26,740.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

3.19 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

2.16 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

3790

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Kr] 5S ¹

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

3790

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

48142

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

3790

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

248.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

220.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

303.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

85.47 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

55.90 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

9.47 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

558.50 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

1.53 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

1.46 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya31.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

2.50 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

2.40 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.27

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

1.5311.70

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

8.2.2 resistivity

128.00 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.08 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

46.90 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.36 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

31.06 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

58.20 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

2,093.00 Kora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

90.00 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

69.20 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

2.19 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

82.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

76.80 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

Mbandhingaké

rubidium mungsuh einsteinium

rubidium mungsuh Samarium

rubidium mungsuh californium

einsteinium