Samarium

thorium

mbandhingaké Samarium lan thorium

Samarium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiya0

0 17

1.5 Panggil periode

2 7

1.6 Block

pemblokiran f

1.7 Family unsur

lanthanide

actinide

1.8 CAS Number

74401997440326

7429905 54386242

1.9 Jeneng papan Group

R_ 3M

P63 / mmc

1.10 Space Group Number

166.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Samarium logam mbantu menehi pancingan metabolisme awak.
Samarium logam ana 1st diamati dening Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac ing Dydimia ing 1853.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1879

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

5 * 10^-7 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

3.2.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000001 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

3.3.2 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

3.3.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.3.7 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.3.9 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

4 ulah

4.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Character length exceed error

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

4.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

4.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

4.2 Properties biologi

4.2.1 keracunan

rada Toxic

non Toxic

4.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

4.2.3 Sang

0.01 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

4.3.2 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya0.02 ppm

0 170000

5 fisik

5.1 leleh Point

1,072.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

1,900.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

5.3 katon

5.3.1 State fisik

Solid

5.3.2 warna

perak Putih

Silver

5.3.3 luster

lustrous

5.4 atose

5.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiya3.00

0.2 8.5

5.4.4 Brinell atose

441.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.4.6 Vickers atose

412.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

5.5 Kacepetan swara

2,130.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

5.6 Properties Optical

5.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

5.6.3 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

5.7 allotropes

Ora

5.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

6 Kimia

6.1 Formula Kimia

6.2 isotop

6.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3028

0 38

6.3 keelektronegatifan

6.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.171.30

0.7 2.54

6.3.3 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

6.3.6 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.071.11

0.86 1.82

6.3.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

6.3.12 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

6.4 Electropositivity

6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.832.70

1.46 3.3

6.5 tenogo ionisasi

6.5.1 Level Energy 1st

544.50 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

6.5.3 Level Energy 2

1,070.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

6.5.6 Level Energy 3rd

2,260.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

6.6.1 Level Energy 4

3,990.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

6.7.1 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

7.1.1 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

7.4.2 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

7.4.4 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

7.4.6 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

7.5.2 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

7.5.4 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

7.6.1 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

7.7.1 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

7.9.1 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

7.10.1 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

8.1.2 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

8.1.4 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

8.3.1 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

8.4.3 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

8.5.3 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

8.5.5 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

8.6.1 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

9.1.2 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

9.1.5 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

9.1.7 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

9.2.3 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

9.2.4 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

9.2.6 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

9.2.8 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

9.2.9 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

10.2 padha karo elektrokimia

1.87 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

10.5 Fungsi Work elektron

2.70 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

10.7 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

11 atom

11.1 Panggil atom

6290

3 117

11.3 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ⁶ 6s ²

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

11.4 Struktur Crystal

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

11.4.1 Crystal pola

11.5 atom

11.5.1 Jumlah proton

6290

3 117

11.6.2 Jumlah Neutron

88142

4 184

11.6.5 Jumlah Èlèktron

6290

3 117

11.8 Radius saka Atom

11.8.1 Radius atom

180.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

11.8.2 kovalen Radius

198.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

11.8.3 Van der Waals Radius

229.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

11.9 Bobot atom

150.36 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

11.10 Volume atom

19.95 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

11.11 Nomer atom jejer

11.11.1 unsur Previous

11.11.2 Sabanjure unsur

11.12 Potensi Valence Electron

44.80 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.13 Constant pola

362.10 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

11.14 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

11.15 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

12 Teknik

12.1 Kapadhetan

12.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

7.52 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

12.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

7.16 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

12.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

12.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

12.4 meksa beluk

12.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.94 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

12.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

12.5 situs kelenturan

12.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

19.50 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

12.5.2 pengaturan akeh

37.80 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

12.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

49.70 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

12.6 Poisson rasio

0.270.27

0.032 0.47

12.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

13 Magnetic

13.1 Ciri Magnetic

13.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

7.5211.70

0.53 4500

13.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

13.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

13.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

13.2 Properties Listrik

13.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

13.2.2 resistivity

0.94 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

13.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

13.2.4 elektron Affinity

50.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

14 termal

14.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.20 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

14.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

29.54 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

14.3 doyo termal

13.30 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

14.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

14.5 Expansion termal

12.70 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

14.6 enthalpy

14.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

166.40 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

14.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

8.62 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

14.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

209.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

14.7 Standard molar Entropy

69.60 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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