mbandhingaké thorium lan Tin
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Sn
Panggil Group
0
18
14
4
Panggil periode
7
5
Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
actinide
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440315
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
I41 / AMD
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Ing dhaptar paling unsur KALUBÈRAN timah ditingkat 49.
- metal Tin ora nanggepi karo banyu uga ora corrode ing.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Unknown
Discovery
ing 1829
Sadurunge 3500 BC
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
4 * 10-7 %
20
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0000009 %
19
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
0.00 %
24
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
0.00 %
34
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
26
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 %
13
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- alloy Tin-niobium digunakake kanggo prodhuksi superconducting wesi sembrani.
- uyah Tin dikenal minangka klorida timah II, kang digunakake minangka mordant lan reduktor kanggo dyeing calico lan sutra.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industri Pangan
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
NA
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
0.38 Sang / mg dm-3
10
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
1.40 ppm
16
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
231.90 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
2,270.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
perak Putih
luster
NA
NA
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
1.50
18
Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
50.00 MPa
99+
Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
2,730.00 m / s
32
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ya
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
Putih Tin (Beta Tin)
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Sn
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
35
4
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
1.96
8
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.21
3
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.04
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
708.60 kJ / mol
33
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,411.80 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,943.00 kJ / mol
30
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,930.30 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
7,456.00 kJ / mol
13
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
1.11 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
4.42 eV
16
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
50
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Kr] 4d 10 5S 2 5p 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
50
99+
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
69
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
50
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
140.00 pm
38
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
217.00 pm
23
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
118.71 Amu
99+
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
16.30 cm3 / mol
32
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
83.50 (-eV)
14
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
583.18 pm
7
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
7.37 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
6.99 g / cm3
34
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
17
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
18.00 GPA
36
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
58.00 GPA
20
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
50.00 GPA
36
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
0.36
8
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
7.31
99+
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
superconductor
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
115.00 nΩ · m
28
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
0.09 10 6 / cm Ω
23
elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya
107.30 kJ / mol
8
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
0.23 J / (kg K)
28
Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
27.11 J / mol · K
20
doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
66.80 W / m · K
25
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
22.00 μm / (m · K)
20
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
290.40 kJ / mol
32
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
7.03 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
301.30 kJ / mol
35
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
51.20 J / mol.K
29
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