1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
pemblokiran f
s pemblokiran
1.5 Family unsur
1.6 CAS Number
74403047440702
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
3 facts
3.1 Facts Interesting
- Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
- Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.
- Calcium rangking Alexa 5th ing dhaftar turah mbrawah bumi persentasi.
- Iki urip ing negara senyawa.
- Gypsum utawa calcium sulfat digunakake minangka plester lan plester saka paris.
3.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 sing katutup
Per Teodor Cleve
Humphry Davy
3.3.2 Discovery
ing taun 1879
ing taun 1808
3.4 turah mbrawah
3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1 * 10-8 %7 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
4.1.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.00000002 %~0.007 %
1E-08
0.1
4.2.1 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
4.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
4.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
4.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya1.40 %
1E-13
1.4
5 ulah
5.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
- Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.
Character length exceed error
5.1.1 Ulah Industrial
5.1.2 Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Industry Pharmaceutical
5.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
wesi
5.2 Properties biologi
5.2.1 keracunan
5.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
5.2.3 Sang
ora Sumadhiya60.50 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya170,000.00 ppm
0
170000
6 fisik
6.1 leleh Point
1,545.00 ° C839.00 ° C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,730.00 ° C1,484.00 ° C
147
5660
7.5 katon
7.5.1 State fisik
7.5.2 warna
7.5.3 luster
7.6 atose
7.6.1 Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya1.75
0.2
8.5
7.6.3 Brinell atose
471.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.6.5 Vickers atose
520.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
121
3430
7.7 Kacepetan swara
ora Sumadhiya3,810.00 m / s
818
16200
7.10 Properties Optical
7.10.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
7.10.3 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
7.11 allotropes
7.11.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
7.11.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
7.11.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
8 Kimia
8.1 Formula Kimia
8.2 isotop
8.2.1 Isotop dikenal
8.3 keelektronegatifan
8.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
8.3.3 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya0.95
0.22
2.56
8.3.6 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
8.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.08
0.62
2.48
8.3.11 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.03
0.659
2.7
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 tenogo ionisasi
8.5.1 Level Energy 1st
596.70 kJ / mol589.80 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
8.5.4 Level Energy 2
1,160.00 kJ / mol1,145.40 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
8.5.7 Level Energy 3rd
2,285.00 kJ / mol4,912.40 kJ / mol
1600
34230
8.5.11 Level Energy 4
4,120.00 kJ / mol6,491.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
8.5.15 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya8,153.00 kJ / mol
4305.2
97510
8.5.18 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya10,496.00 kJ / mol
5715.8
105800
8.5.22 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya12,270.00 kJ / mol
7226.8
114300
8.5.26 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya14,206.00 kJ / mol
8857.4
125300
8.6.1 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya18,191.00 kJ / mol
14110
134700
8.7.1 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya20,385.00 kJ / mol
17100
144300
9.1.1 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiya57,110.00 kJ / mol
19900
169988
9.4.2 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiya63,410.00 kJ / mol
22219
189368
9.4.3 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiya70,110.00 kJ / mol
26930
76015
9.4.5 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiya78,890.00 kJ / mol
29196
86450
9.4.7 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiya86,310.00 kJ / mol
41987
97510
9.4.8 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiya94,000.00 kJ / mol
47206
109480
9.5.2 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiya104,900.00 kJ / mol
52737
122200
9.5.5 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiya111,711.00 kJ / mol
58570
134810
9.6.1 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
9.6.2 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
9.7.1 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
9.9.1 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
9.9.2 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
9.10.1 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
9.12.1 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
10.1.2 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
10.1.3 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
10.1.5 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
10.1.6 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
10.2.1 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
10.4 padha karo elektrokimia
2.10 g / amp-day0.75 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
10.6 Fungsi Work elektron
ora Sumadhiya2.87 eV
2.14
5.65
10.8 Properties Kimia liyane
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Kimia Stabilitas, Flammability, ionisasi, kelarutan
11 atom
11.1 Panggil atom
11.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 13 6s 2
[Ar] 4s 2
11.3 Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
11.3.1 Crystal pola
11.4 atom
11.4.1 Jumlah proton
11.4.3 Jumlah Neutron
11.5.1 Jumlah Èlèktron
12.2 Radius saka Atom
12.2.1 Radius atom
176.00 pm197.00 pm
112
265
12.2.3 kovalen Radius
160.00 pm176.00 pm
96
260
12.3.3 Van der Waals Radius
ora Sumadhiya231.00 pm
139
348
12.4 Bobot atom
168.93 Amu40.08 Amu
6.94
294
12.5 Volume atom
18.10 cm3 / mol29.90 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
13.2 Nomer atom jejer
13.2.1 unsur Previous
13.2.2 Sabanjure unsur
13.3 Potensi Valence Electron
49.70 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.5 Constant pola
353.75 pm558.84 pm
228.58
891.25
13.7 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.8 Pola C / A rasio
1.57ora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
14 Teknik
14.1 Kapadhetan
14.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
9.32 g / cm 31.55 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
14.2.1 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
8.56 g / cm31.38 g / cm3
0.512
20
14.4 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
14.5 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
14.6 meksa beluk
14.6.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
14.7.1 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
14.8 situs kelenturan
14.8.1 nyukur pengaturan
30.50 GPA7.40 GPA
1.3
222
14.8.2 pengaturan akeh
44.50 GPA17.00 GPA
1.6
462
14.8.3 Young kang pengaturan
74.00 GPA20.00 GPA
1.7
528
14.9 Poisson rasio
14.10 Properties Teknik liyane
15 Magnetic
15.1 Ciri Magnetic
15.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
15.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
15.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
15.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
15.2 Properties Listrik
15.2.1 Property Listrik
15.2.2 resistivity
676.00 nΩ · m33.60 nΩ · m
0.18
961
15.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω0.30 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.2.4 elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol2.37 kJ / mol
0
222.8
16 termal
16.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.16 J / (kg K)0.63 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
27.03 J / mol · K25.93 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
16.3 doyo termal
16.90 W / m · K201.00 W / m · K
6.3
429
16.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
16.5 Expansion termal
13.30 μm / (m · K)22.30 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
16.6 enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
191.00 kJ / mol150.00 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
16.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
16.80 kJ / mol8.54 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
16.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
247.00 kJ / mol184.00 kJ / mol
61.5
837
16.7 Standard molar Entropy
74.00 J / mol.K41.60 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1