thulium

seng

mbandhingaké thulium lan seng

thulium

seng

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiya12

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

pemblokiran f

d block

1.5 Family unsur

lanthanide

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74403047440666

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.

Seng logam ketemu (diwenehi) ing akeh formulir kaya granules, foil, bledug lan ing wangun bubuk.
Prodhusèn utama Seng logam sing Australia, Kanada, China, USA lan Peru.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Per Teodor Cleve

Indian metallurgists

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1879

Sadurunge 1000 SM

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-8 %3 * 10^-5 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.00000002 %~0.0002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.02 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.

Kang utamané dipigunakaké kanggo galvanizing logam.
Iku uga digunakake kanggo Manufaktur die-casting lan iku banget penting kanggo industri automobile.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Industry Pharmaceutical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Unknown

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiya7.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya170.00 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,545.00 ° C419.58 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,730.00 ° C907.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Gray

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiya2.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

471.00 MPa327.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

520.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiya3,850.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiya1.00

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiya80.00 %

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3225

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.251.65

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya2.23

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.111.66

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya1.65

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya1.59

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.752.35

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

596.70 kJ / mol906.40 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,160.00 kJ / mol1,733.30 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,285.00 kJ / mol3,833.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

4,120.00 kJ / mol5,731.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiya7,970.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiya10,400.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiya12,900.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiya16,800.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiya19,600.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiya23,000.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiya26,400.00 kJ / mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiya29,990.00 kJ / mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiya40,490.00 kJ / mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiya43,800.00 kJ / mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiya47,300.00 kJ / mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiya52,300.00 kJ / mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiya55,900.00 kJ / mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiya59,700.00 kJ / mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiya67,300.00 kJ / mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiya171,200.00 kJ / mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiya179,100.00 kJ / mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

2.10 g / amp-day1.22 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiya4.33 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

6930

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹³ 6s ²

[Ar] 3d ¹⁰ 4s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

6930

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

10035

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

6930

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

176.00 pm134.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

160.00 pm122.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

ora Sumadhiya139.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

168.93 Amu65.38 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

18.10 cm3 / mol9.20 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

49.70 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

353.75 pm266.49 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

1.57ora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

9.32 g / cm ³7.14 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

8.56 g / cm36.57 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.06 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

30.50 GPA43.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

44.50 GPA70.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

74.00 GPA108.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.210.25

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

9.326.90

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

diamagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

676.00 nΩ · m59.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.17 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

50.00 kJ / mol0.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.16 J / (kg K)0.39 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

27.03 J / mol · K25.47 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

16.90 W / m · K116.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

13.30 μm / (m · K)30.20 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

191.00 kJ / mol7.32 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

16.80 kJ / mol7.32 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

247.00 kJ / mol129.70 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

74.00 J / mol.K41.60 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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