rubidium mungsuh thorium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Rb
Th
Panggil Group
1
17
0
18
Panggil periode
5
7
Block
s pemblokiran
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
alkali
actinide
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7440326
99+
Jeneng papan Group
3M Im_
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
- metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
ing 1861
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
19
0.05 %
11
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.01 %
18
0.66 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
15
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %
7
ora Sumadhiya
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
- Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
NA
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi, tujuan Research
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
2.49 Sang / mg dm-3
7
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ing Bone
5.00 ppm
13
0.02 ppm
29
fisik Properties
leleh Point
38.89 ° C
99+
1,750.00 ° C
17
Boiling Point
688.00 ° C
99+
4,790.00 ° C
8
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
klawu putih
Silver
luster
NA
NA
atose
Mohs atose
0.30
24
3.00
12
Brinell atose
0.22 MPa
99+
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers atose
ora Sumadhiya
295.00 MPa
29
Kacepetan swara
1,300.00 m / s
99+
2,490.00 m / s
36
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Rb
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
29
10
28
11
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
0.82
99+
1.30
32
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
0.31
32
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
0.89
40
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
0.69
24
ora Sumadhiya
Allen Elektronegativitas
0.71
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
403.00 kJ / mol
99+
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
2,633.00 kJ / mol
6
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
3,860.00 kJ / mol
11
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
5,080.00 kJ / mol
18
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 5th
6,850.00 kJ / mol
19
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 6th
8,140.00 kJ / mol
20
ora Sumadhiya
tingkat Energy 7
9,570.00 kJ / mol
20
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 8
13,120.00 kJ / mol
17
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 9
14,500.00 kJ / mol
18
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 10th
26,740.00 kJ / mol
6
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
3.19 g / amp-day
14
2.16 g / amp-day
24
Fungsi Work elektron
2.16 eV
99+
3.41 eV
32
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
37
99+
90
28
Konfigurasi elektron
[Kr] 5S 1
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
37
99+
90
28
Jumlah Neutron
48
99+
142
15
Jumlah Èlèktron
37
99+
90
28
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
248.00 pm
2
179.80 pm
15
kovalen Radius
220.00 pm
4
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
85.47 Amu
99+
232.04 Amu
23
Volume atom
55.90 cm3 / mol
2
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
9.47 (-eV)
99+
59.30 (-eV)
23
Constant pola
558.50 pm
10
508.42 pm
14
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
1.53 g / cm 3
99+
11.72 g / cm 3
32
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
1.46 g / cm3
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
22
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya
31.00 GPA
21
pengaturan akeh
2.50 GPA
99+
54.00 GPA
22
Young kang pengaturan
2.40 GPA
99+
79.00 GPA
24
Poisson rasio
ora Sumadhiya
0.27
20
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
1.53
99+
11.70
23
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
superconductor
resistivity
128.00 nΩ · m
26
157.00 nΩ · m
22
konduktivitas listrik
0.08 10 6 / cm Ω
24
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
elektron Affinity
46.90 kJ / mol
24
ora Sumadhiya
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.36 J / (kg K)
17
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
31.06 J / mol · K
5
26.23 J / mol · K
30
doyo termal
58.20 W / m · K
26
54.00 W / m · K
28
suhu kritis
2,093.00 K
4
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
90.00 μm / (m · K)
2
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
69.20 kJ / mol
99+
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
2.19 kJ / mol
99+
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
82.00 kJ / mol
99+
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
76.80 J / mol.K
5
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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